Contents

Eighth Distinction

                              
Division of the Text and Overview of Questions Num. 1 
Question One: Whether the Eucharist is a Sacrament of the New Law Num. 15 
   I. To the Question Num. 20 
      A. About the Idea or Definition of the Eucharist Num. 21 
      B. Whether Anything Real Subsists under Such an Idea Num. 22 
      C. That what Subsists under the Idea of this Name is a Sacrament Num. 31 
   II. To the Initial Arguments Num. 43 
Question Two: Whether the Form of the Eucharist is what is set down in the Canon of the Mass Num. 52 
   I. To the Question Num. 59 
      A. Whether the Eucharist has a Single Form Num. 60 
      B. What the Form of the Eucharist is 
         1. About the Words of Consecration of the Body Num. 63 
         2. About the Words of Consecration of the Blood 
            a. Two Doubts and their Solution Num. 72  
            b. Whether all the Words belong to the Consecration of the Blood Num. 82 
α. Opinion of Others and its Rejection Num. 83 
              β. Scotus’ own Opinion Num. 89 
      C. What the Form of the Eucharist Signifies 
         1. The Opinion of Peter of Poitiers Num. 96 
         2. The Opinion of Richard of Middleton and its Rejection Num. 100 
         3. A Possible Solution Consisting of Thirteen Main Conclusions Num. 104 
         4. Weighing of the Aforesaid Conclusions Num. 132 
         5. Scotus’ own Conclusion Num. 141 
   II. To the Initial Arguments Num. 152 
Question Three: Whether the Sacrament of the Eucharist was fittingly Instituted after the Cena, or whether it could be Received by those not Fasting Num. 156 
   I. To the Question 
      A. About the Four Ways of Receiving this Sacrament Num. 160 
      B. A Difficulty as to the Third Way and its Solution Num. 166 
   II. To the Initial Arguments Num. 184 
Final Note Num. 187 

Ninth Distinction

         
Overview of the Parts Num. 1 
Single Question: Whether Someone in a State of Mortal Sin Sins Mortally in Receiving the Sacrament of the Eucharist Num. 4 
   I. To the Question 
      A. About Mortal Sin Num. 9 
         1. About him who is Actually in Mortal Sin Num. 10 
         2. About him who has not Repented of a Past Mortal Sin Num. 11 
         3. About him who has Repented but has not Confessed Num. 15 
      B. About Venial Sin Num. 19 
   II. To the Initial Arguments Num. 22 

Tenth Distinction

 
Division of the Text and Overview of the Parts  Num. 1 

First Part: On the Possibility of Christ’s Body Existing in the Eucharist

                                           
Question One: Whether it is Possible for Christ’s Body to be Contained Really under the Species of Bread and Wine  Num. 8 
   I. To the Question  Num. 14 
      A. What is to be Maintained and by What Authority  Num. 15 
      B. How What is Believed is Possible 
         1. Four Possibilities, to be Explained in Turn in what Follows  Num. 24 
         2. Two Possibilities to be Explained here  Num. 28 
            a. First: About Christ’s Body Beginning to Exist on the Altar without Change of Place 
              α. Opinion of Others and its Rejection Num. 29 
              β. Scotus’ own Opinion  Num. 42 
            b. Second: About Christ’s Body Quantum without Quantitative Mode 
              α. First Opinion and its Rejection  Num. 56 
              β. Second Opinion and its Rejection  Num. 59 
              γ. Scotus’ own Opinion  Num. 61 
   II. To the Initial Reasons  Num. 71 
Question Two: Whether the Same Body can be Located in Diverse Places at the Same Time  Num. 74 
   I. To the Question 
      A. The Opinion of many People for the Negative Conclusion Num. 80 
         1. The Reasons of Henry of Ghent  Num. 81 
         2. Other Doctors’ Reasons  Num. 85 
         3. Further Reasons that can be Brought Forward  Num. 89 
      B. The Possibility of an Affirmative Conclusion 
         1. Argument in General Num. 94 
         2. Particular Reasons, drawn from the Statements of Henry of Ghent Num. 95 
            a. First Reason Num. 96 
            b. Second Reason Num. 105 
            c. Third Reason Num. 113 
            d. Fourth Reason Num. 117 
         3. What Must be Said about these Four Reasons Num. 119 
      C. Scotus’ own Response Num. 121 
      D. To the Arguments Adduced for the Negative Opinion Num. 128 
         1. Three Preliminary Propositions Num. 129 
         2. To the Individual Reasons Num. 132 
            a. To the Reasons of Henry of Ghent Num. 133 
            b. To the Reasons of the Other Doctors Num. 145 
            c. To the Other Reasons that were Adduced Num. 159 
   II. To the Initial Arguments Num. 172 
Question Three: Whether the Body of Christ could be Located at the Same Time in Heaven and in the Eucharist Num. 181 
   I. To the Question Num. 187 
      A. Opinion of Henry of Ghent 
         1. Exposition of the Opinion Num. 188 
         2. Refutation of the Opinion Num. 189 
      B. Scotus’ own Opinion Num. 194 
   II. To the Initial Arguments Num. 197 

Second Part: On the Things that can Belong to Christ’s Body in the Eucharist Num. 202

                                   
Question One: Whether the Same Body, Existing Naturally and Existing Sacramentally, Necessarily has in it the Same Parts and Properties Num. 203 
   I. To the Question Num. 208 
      A. The Supposition being Made Num. 209 
      B. The Question being Asked Num. 218 
         1. Whether the Natural Parts and Properties of Christ’s Body are Simply Necessarily in the Eucharist as well 
            a. First Conclusion Num. 222 
            b. Second Conclusion Num. 223 
            c. Two Corollaries that flow from the Second Conclusion Num. 231 
            d. Difficulties against the Two Corollaries and their Solution Num. 236 
            e. Third Corollary Num. 244 
         2. Whether the Same Parts and Properties are Present by Necessity in a Certain Respect Num. 246 
   II. To the Initial Arguments Num. 253 
Question Two: Whether any Immanent Action that is in Christ Existing Naturally is the Same in Him as Existing in the Eucharist Sacramentally  Num. 268 
   I. To the Question 
      A. Three Conclusions  Num. 275 
      B. Proof of the Conclusions 
         1. Proof of the First Conclusion 
            a. Universally  Num. 279 
            b. Specifically  Num. 286 
         2. Proof of the Second Conclusion  Num. 290 
         3. Proof of the Third Conclusion  Num. 291 
   II. To the Initial Arguments  Num. 294 
Question Three: Whether any Bodily Motion could be in Christ’s Body as it Exists in the Eucharist  Num. 298 
   I. To the Question 
      A. Preliminary Distinctions  Num. 303 
      B. Solution Consisting of Six Conclusions 
         1. Statement of the Conclusions  Num. 307 
         2. Proof of the Conclusions 
            a. Proof of the First Conclusion  Num. 313 
            b. Proof of the Second Conclusion  Num.314 
            c. Proof of the Third Conclusion  Num. 315 
            d. Proof of the Fourth Conclusion  Num. 317 
            e. Proof of the Fifth Conclusion  Num. 326 
         3. Synthesis of the Statements Made  Num. 338 
   II. To the Initial Arguments  Num. 341 

Third Part: On the Action that can Belong to Christ Existing in the Eucharist

                            
Question One: Whether Christ Existing in the Eucharist could, by some Natural Virtue, Change Something Other than Himself  Num. 348 
   I. To the Question 
      A. About Human Powers  Num. 354 
      B. Conclusions flowing Therefrom  Num. 356 
         1. First Conclusion and its Proof  Num. 357 
         2. Second Conclusion and its Proof  Num. 359 
            a. Explication of the Second Conclusion  Num. 361 
            b. Objection to the Aforesaid Conclusion, and Rejection of this Objection  Num. 365 
            c. Final Opinion  Num. 368 
   II. To the Initial Arguments  Num. 372 
Question Two: Whether any Created Intellect could Naturally See the Existence of Christ’s Body in the Eucharist  Num. 376 
   I. To the Question 
      A. Opinion of Thomas Aquinas and Richard of Middleton  Num. 385 
      B. Scotus’ own Opinion 
         1. On the Acceptation of the Terms ‘Intellect’, ‘To see’, ‘Naturally’  Num. 389 
         2. Solution Consisting of Three Conclusions 
            a. First Conclusion  Num. 396 
            b. Second Conclusion  Num. 398 
            c. Third Conclusion  Num. 408 
   II. To the Initial Arguments  Num. 411 
   III. To the Arguments for the Opinion of Aquinas and Richard  Num. 420 
Question Three: Whether any Sense could Perceive the Body of Christ as it exists in the Eucharist  Num. 423 
   I. To the Question 
      A. The Opinion of Others 
         1. Exposition of the Opinion  Num. 426 
         2. Refutation of the Opinion  Num. 432 
      B. Scotus’ own Opinion  Num. 440 
   II. To the Initial Arguments  Num. 443 

Eleventh Distinction

 
Division of the Text and Overview of the Parts  Num. 1 

Eleventh Distinction. First Part: About Conversion or Transubstantiation

First Article: About the Possibility of Transubstantiation

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