Contents
Book Two
First Distinction
Question 1: Whether Primary Causality with Respect to all Causables is of Necessity in the Three Persons | Num. 1 |
I. Opinion of Henry of Ghent | Num. 5 |
II. Scotus’ own Solution | Num. 15 |
A. The First and Perfect Causality is Necessarily in the Three Persons | Num. 16 |
B. On Causality in regard to all Causables as to their Being in a certain Respect | Num. 23 |
C. Whether in an Absolute Person, if posited, there could be Perfect Causality with Respect to all Causables | Num. 41 |
D. Conclusion | Num. 44 |
III. To the Principal Arguments | Num. 45 |
Question 2: Whether God could create Something | Num. 50 |
I. To the Question | Num. 58 |
A. About Creation from Nothing as ‘From’ denotes Order of Nature | Num. 59 |
B. About Creation from Nothing as ‘From’ denotes Order of Duration | Num. 69 |
II. To the Principal Arguments | Num. 85 |
Question 3: Whether it was Possible for God to produce Something without a Beginning other than Himself | Num. 95 |
I. First Opinion | Num. 102 |
II. Second Opinion | Num. 117 |
III. To the Reasons for the First Opinion when holding the Second Opinion | Num. 130 |
IV. To the Principal Arguments of Each Part | Num. 173 |
Question 4: Whether the Creation of an Angel is the Same as the Angel | Num. 179 |
Question 5: Whether the Relation of the Creature to God is the Same as its Foundation | Num. 188 |
I. To the Fifth Question | |
A. On the Identity of Relation with its Foundation in General | |
1. The Opinion of Henry of Ghent | Num. 192 |
2. Objections | Num. 223 |
3. Scotus’ own Opinion | Num. 230 |
4. To the Arguments for Henry’s Opinion | Num. 231 |
B. On the Identity of the Special Relation of ‘Creature to God’ with its Foundation | |
1. First Opinion | Num. 241 |
2. Second Opinion | Num. 253 |
3. Scotus’ own Solution | Num. 260 |
a. The Relation of Creature to God is the same really as its Foundation | Num. 261 |
b. The Relation of Creature to God is not the same formally as the Foundation nor is it precisely the same | Num. 272 |
C. To the Principal Arguments | Num. 276 |
II. To the Fourth Question | |
A. Solution | Num. 281 |
B. To the Principal Arguments | Num. 286 |
Question 6: Whether Angel and Soul Differ in Species | Num. 296 |
I. To the Question | |
A. About the Conclusion in Itself | Num. 301 |
B. On the First Reason for this Distinction | Num. 302 |
1. First Opinion | Num. 303 |
2. Second Opinion | Num. 306 |
3. Scotus’ own Solution | Num. 315 |
II. To the Principal Arguments | Num. 323 |
Second Distinction
First Part
On the Measure of the Duration of the Existence of Angels
Question 1: Whether in the Actual Existence of an Angel there is any Succession Formally | Num. 1 |
I. First Opinion as Reported and Held by Bonaventure | Num. 11 |
A. Arguments for the Opinion | Num. 12 |
B. Arguments against the Opinion | Num. 33 |
II. Second Opinion | Num. 39 |
A. Thomas Aquinas’ Way of Positing it | Num. 40 |
B. Henry of Ghent’s Way of Positing it | Num. 42 |
III. In what Ways the First Opinion can be Sustained | |
A. The First Way, which is according to the Intention of Bonaventure | |
1. As to the Opinion itself | Num. 48 |
2. To the Arguments brought against the First Opinion | Num. 52 |
B. The Second Way, which is tangential to the Intention of Bonaventure | Num. 57 |
IV. Against the Conclusion of the First Opinion in itself | Num. 58 |
V. Scotus’ own Response to the Question | Num. 62 |
VI. To the Arguments for the First Opinion | Num. 63 |
VII. To the Principal Arguments | Num. 80 |
Question 2: Whether in an Angel actually Existing there is Need to posit Something Measuring his Existence that is Other than that very Existence | Num. 84 |
I. To the Affirmative Side of the Question | |
A. The Opinion of Others | Num. 88 |
B. Rejection of the Opinion | Num. 91 |
C. Instance against the Rejection of this Opinion | Num. 95 |
D. Response to the Instance | Num. 97 |
II. To the Negative Side of the Question | Num. 116 |
III. To the Principal Arguments | Num. 124 |
Question 3: Whether there is one Aeviternity for all Aeviternals | Num. 126 |
I. To the Question | |
A. The Opinion of Henry of Ghent | Num. 129 |
B. Rejection of the Opinion | Num. 130 |
C. Instance | Num. 136 |
D. Response to the Instance | Num. 138 |
II. To the Principal Arguments | Num. 141 |
Question 4: Whether the Operation of an Angel is Measured by Aeviternity | Num. 143 |
I. To the Question | |
A. The Opinion of Henry of Ghent | |
1. Exposition of the Opinion | Num. 147 |
2. Rejection of the Opinion | Num. 153 |
B. Scotus’ own Solution | Num. 167 |
C. Instances against Scotus’ own Solution | |
D. Responses to the Instances | Num. 168 |
1. To the First Instance | Num. 171 |
2. To the Second Instance | Num. 181 |
II. To the Principal Arguments | Num. 185 |
III. To the Authority of Augustine adduced for the Opinion of Henry | Num. 188 |
Second Part
On the Place of Angels
Question 1: Whether an Angel is in Place | Num. 189 |
Question 2: Whether an Angel requires a Determinate Place | Num. 197 |
I. To the First Question | |
A. The Opinion of Others | Num. 198 |
B. Against the Conclusion of the Opinion | Num. 204 |
C. Scotus’ own Solution | |
1. How Body is in a Place | Num. 216 |
a. On the First Article | Num. 219 |
b. On the Other Articles | Num. 232 |
2. How an Angel is in Place | Num. 236 |
D. To the Principal Arguments | Num. 250 |
II. To the Second Question | Num. 253 |
Question 3: Whether an Angel can be in Two Places at Once | Num. 254 |
I. To the Question | Num. 262 |
II. To the Principal Arguments | Num. 265 |
Question 4: Whether two Angels can be in the Same Place at Once | Num. 273 |
I. To the Question | Num. 276 |
II. To the Principal Arguments | Num. 280 |
Question 5: Whether an Angel can be moved from Place to Place by Continuous Motion | Num. 284 |
I. To the Question | Num. 310 |
II. To the Principal Arguments | |
A. To the First Argument | Num. 314 |
B. To the Second Argument | Num. 315 |
1. Rejection of the First Antecedent | Num. 316 |
2. Rejection of the Second Antecedent | Num. 332 |
3. To the Proofs of the First Antecedent | |
a. To the First Proof | Num. 354 |
b. To the Second Proof | Num. 376 |
4. To the Proofs of the Second Antecedent | Num. 389 |
C. To the Third Argument | Num. 412 |
D. To the Fourth Argument | Num. 428 |
Question 6: Whether an Angel can move himself | Num. 439 |
I. To the Question | |
A. Scotus’ own Opinion | Num. 444 |
B. Instance | Num. 445 |
C. Rejection of the Instance | Num. 446 |
II. To the Principal Arguments | Num. 472 |
Question 7: Whether an Angel can be Moved in an Instant | Num. 486 |
I. To the Question | |
A. The Opinions of Thomas Aquinas and Henry of Ghent | Num. 489 |
B. Rejection of the Opinions | Num. 491 |
C. Scotus’ own Response | Num. 501 |
II. To the Principal Arguments | Num. 505 |
Question 8: Whether an Angel could be Moved from Extreme to Extreme without Passing through the Middle | Num. 507 |
I. To the Question | Num. 511 |
II. To the Principal Arguments | Num. 517 |
Third Distinction
First Part
On the Principle of Individuation
Question 1: Whether Material Substance is Individual or Singular of Itself or from its Nature | Num. 1 | |
I. To the Question | ||
A. The Opinion of Others | Num. 5 | |
B. Scotus’ own Opinion | Num. 29 | |
II. To the Principal Argument | Num. 41 | |
III. To the Confirmation of the Opinion | Num. 42 | |
Question 2: Whether Material Substance is of Itself Individual through Some Positive Intrinsic thing | Num. 43 | |
I. To the Question | ||
A. The Opinion of Henry of Ghent | Num. 47 | |
B. Scotus’ own Opinion | Num. 57 | |
II. To the Principal Argument | Num. 58 | |
Question 3: Whether Material Substance is Individual, or the Reason for Individuating Another, through Actual Existence | Num. 59 | |
I. The Opinion of Others | Num. 60 | |
II. Rejection of the Opinion | Num. 61 | |
III. To the Argument for the Opinion | Num. 65 | |
Question 4: Whether Material Substance is Individual or Singular through Quantity | Num. 66 | |
I. To the Question | ||
A. The Opinion of Others | ||
1. Exposition of the Opinion | Num. 71 | |
2. Rejection of the Opinion | Num. 75 | |
a. The First Way: from the Identity of Individuation or Singularity | Num. 76 | |
b. The Second Way: from the Order of Substance to Accidents | Num. 82 | |
c. The Third Way: from the Idea of Ordering within a Category | Num. 89 | |
d. The Fourth Way: on the Part of Quantity | Num. 99 | |
e. Against the Reasons for the Opinion | Num.105 | |
B. Scotus’ own Conclusion | Num. 111 | |
II. To the Arguments for the Opinion of Others | Num. 112 | |
III. To the Principal Arguments | Num. 122 | |
Question 5: Whether Material Substance is a This and Individual through Matter | Num. 129 | |
I. The Opinion of Others | Num. 132 | |
[Continued after Question 6] | ||
Question 6: Whether Material Substance is Individual through Some Entity per se Determining Nature to Singularity | Num. 142 | |
A. To the Question | ||
1. The Opinion of Others | ||
a. Exposition of the Opinion | Num. 148 | |
b. Rejection of the Opinion | Num. 155 | |
2. Scotus’ own Opinion | Num. 168 | |
B. To the Principal Arguments | Num. 189 | |
C. To the Arguments for the Opinion of Others | Num. 194 | |
[Continuation of Question 5] | ||
II. Scotus’ own Solution to the Fifth Question | Num. 200 | |
III. To the Authorities from Aristotle to the Opposite | Num. 201 | |
Question 7: Whether it is Possible for Several Angels to Exist in the Same Species | Num. 212 | |
I. To the Question | ||
A. The Opinion of Others | Num. 225 | |
B. Scotus’ own Opinion | Num. 227 | |
II. To the Principal Arguments | Num. 238 |
Second Part
On the Knowledge of Angels
Question 1: Whether an Angel can Know Himself through his own Essence | Num. |
I. To the Question | Num. |
A. The Opinion of Others | Num. |
B. Scotus’ own Opinion | Num. |
C. Instances against Scotus’ own Opinion | Num. |
II. To the Principal Arguments | Num. |
Question 2: Whether an Angel has a Distinct Natural Knowledge of the Divine Essence | Num. |
I. The Response of Others to the Question | Num. |
A. First Opinion | Num. |
B. Second Opinion | Num. |
C. Rejection of the Opinions | Num. |
II. Scotus’ own Response to the Question | Num. |
A. On Distinction of Intellections | Num. |
B. Solution | Num. |
III. To the Arguments for the First Opinion | Num. |
IV. To the Argument for the Second Opinion | Num. |
V. To the Principal Arguments | Num. |
Question 3: Whether an Angel is Required to have Distinct Reasons for Knowing Created Quiddities in Order to Know them Distinctly | Num. 349 |
I. To the Question | |
A. The Opinion of Others | Num. 263 |
B. Scotus’ own Opinion | Num. 269 |
C. Instances against Scotus’ own Opinion | Num. 272 |
II. To the Principal Arguments | Num. 286 |
Question 2: Whether an Angel has a Distinct Natural Knowledge of the Divine Essence | Num. 302 |
I. The Response of Others to the Question | Num. 306 |
A. First Opinion | Num. 307 |
B. Second Opinion | Num. 312 |
C. Rejection of the Opinions | Num. 313 |
II. Scotus’ own Response to the Question | |
A. On Distinction of Intellections | Num. 318 |
B. Solution | Num. 324 |
III. To the Arguments for the First Opinion | Num. 332 |
IV. To the Argument for the Second Opinion | Num. 346 |
V. To the Principal Arguments | Num. 347 |
Question 3: Whether an Angel is Required to have Distinct Reasons for Knowing Created Quiddities in Order to Know them Distinctly | Num. 349 |
I. The Opinion of Others | |
A. First Opinion, which is that of Henry of Ghent | Num. 355 |
B. Second Opinion, which is that of Thomas Aquinas | Num. 364 |
C. Rejection of Both Opinions in General | Num. 366 |
D. Rejection of the First Opinion in Particular | Num. 378 |
II. Scotus’ own Opinion | Num. 388 |
III. To the Principal Arguments | Num. 395 |
IV. To the Arguments for the First Opinion | Num. 400 |
V. To the Arguments for the Second Opinion | Num. 408 |