| | 1 | Author: | Scotus, John Duns | | | Collection Title: | Scotus: Ordinatio | | | Volume: | Ordinatio. Book 3. Distinctions 1 - 17. | | | Published: | 2022 | | | | Matches:
136 hits | First 100 of 136 hits in this volume.You might want to modify your search to reduce the number of returns. To see all 136 hits, please visit the volume directly: Ordinatio. Book 3. Distinctions 1 - 17.
- 1 ...When therefore the fullness of time came etc. ” Galatians...
- 2 ...pure and infinite act; therefore etc. 3. Further, between...
- 3 ... therefore they are not capable of being united. 4. Besides, contraries cannot exist together, on account of their repugnance; but created nature and uncreated nature are more repugnant to each other than contraries are (as is plain, because contraries are in the same genus, - created and uncreated nature are not so, as is plain); therefore etc....
- 4 ... therefore it cannot be assumed without its being a person with its proper personhood. But if it is thus a person, it cannot be assumed by an uncreated person, - therefore it is not assumable; therefore etc....
- 5 ... therefore neither can a singular intellectual nature remain the same without its personhood 9. Secondly, there is argument on the part of that which assumes, because in the case of things that differ only in reason, one of them cannot be the reason for the union while the other is not; person and essence differ only in reason, otherwise there would seem to be composition in divine reality; therefore etc....
- 6 ...to the three persons; therefore etc. 12. To the opposite:...
- 7 ... therefore all causality with respect to the creature belongs to the three, yet it is not necessary that the respect in question here, which is not consequent to quidditative or personal entity, be common to the three (for any independent personal entity can be a sufficient term of this dependence; such is the entity proper to any person, even as it is distinguished from another person; therefore etc. )....
- 8 ... therefore such an absolute needs to be posited. 55. But the opposite seems more probable: Because the ‘absolute’ would be necessarily united to the Word such that, just as it is impossible for the union to exist and not be to the Word as to its term, so it would be incompossible for that absolute - which is the necessary foundation of the union - to exist save in the person of the Word; there seems to be no such absolute entity in a creature; therefore etc....
- 9 ...by its created personhood]; therefore etc. 106. An objection...
- 10 ... therefore this other nature can be assumed now. The proof of the consequence is that the potency of the other nature is not reduced to act because the one assumed was assumed; nor does the relation on the part of the Word have this assumed nature as adequate to it in idea of terminated dependent thing on terminating independent thing, because as a universal rule, although one caused thing cannot depend totally on several total causes, yet one cause can well terminate totally the dependence of many caused things; therefore etc....
- 11 ...short of the superior; therefore etc. a a. a [ Text canceled...
- 12 ...different category; therefore etc. 157. But that a relative...
- 13 ... therefore that the essence is not the formal reason of terminating this union; rather the personal property is. 214. I prove this as follows: in whatever supposit there exists the formal reason of terminating this union, that supposit terminates it; the Father, in whom is the divine essence, does not terminate it; therefore etc. -...
- 14 ... Therefore, by similarity: that which is the reason of terminating this union will be, for the one who has it, the reason of terminating before it does terminate, if this reason is naturally had before the union is terminated; but it is certain that this reason is not naturally had by the three persons before this union is brought about; therefore etc....
- 15 ...unless he was blessed; therefore etc. 5. The second member...
- 16 ...so in the case of man; therefore etc. 7. On the contrary:...
- 17 ... therefore the order whereby what is in the essence overflows into the powers is more essential than the reverse; but blessedness cannot be in the powers without necessarily overflowing into the essence, so it cannot be in the essence without overflowing into the powers; the essence of the soul, by this special falling into it [sc. of union with the person of the Word], is beatified as much as it can be beatified, because it is made one with God; therefore etc....
- 18 ...dependence on the Word; therefore etc. 17. Further, the...
- 19 ...anything outside himself; therefore etc. 20. And if you say...
- 20 ... therefore God cannot descend in the same way into this nature with a special descent as to its being unless he can also descend into it as to its special operation. Its special operation with respect to a supernatural object is the operation of seeing and enjoying, which in no way belongs to a nature not naturally fit to enjoy (as to an irrational nature); therefore etc....
- 21 ... therefore likewise in the case of assumption, because the parts [sc. body and soul] were assumed in the order they were assumable; therefore etc....
- 22 ...able to be a person; therefore etc. 68. The proof of the...
- 23 ...principles of the thing; therefore etc. 77. Again, it would...
- 24 ...blessed Virgin in Adam; therefore etc. 3. Again, Damascene...
- 25 ...sin; therefore she had sin; not actual sin; therefore etc....
- 26 ...Mary was conceived by the lying together etc. ; therefore...
- 27 ... etc. 5. Again Augustine [ On the Gospel of John tr.4 n.10] on John 1.29, ‘Behold the lamb of God etc. ’, says, “Only he is innocent who did not so come,” namely did not come by common propagation. 6. Again Pope Leo On the Nativity of the Lord [serm.1 ch.1], “Just as he found none free of guilt, so he came for the freeing of all;” therefore...
- 28 ...Christ can be conceived; therefore etc. I. To the Question...
- 29 ... therefore Christ had the most perfect degree of mediating possible with respect to some person with respect to whom he was mediator; but with respect to no person did he have a more excellent degree than with respect to Mary; therefore etc....
- 30 ... therefore if Christ has most perfectly reconciled us to God, he merited to take away from someone this gravest of punishments - but not from anyone but his Mother, therefore etc....
- 31 ...she earned merit; therefore etc. B. Scotus’ own Response 28....
- 32 ...are contrary opposites; therefore etc. 3. Further, Damascene...
- 33 ...is he a per se one; therefore etc. 8. And if you say that...
- 34 ...this union is a relation; therefore etc. 9. Further, if the...
- 35 ...non principal active cause; therefore etc. 49. This is made...
- 36 ... therefore it states something positive. But everything positive can be assumed; therefore etc....
- 37 ...among created unities; therefore etc. 3. Further, human...
- 38 ... therefore human nature is not united to the Word as giving existence to potency but rather as receiving existence; therefore etc....
- 39 ... therefore it does not get any created existence from the assumed nature. 5. On the contrary: Augustine On the Trinity 5.2 n.3, “Just as ‘wisdom’ [sapientia] is taken from ‘to be wise’ [sapere], so ‘essence’ [essentia] is taken from ‘to exist (existing/existence)’ [‘esse’];” but there cannot be many wisdoms unless there are many ‘to be wises (beings wise)’; therefore etc....
- 40 ...essentially multiplied; therefore etc. I. To the Question 7....
- 41 ... therefore there was some actual existence of his soul insofar as this existence terminated the action of creation; it was not uncreated existence, because nothing creates itself; therefore it was created existence. 19. Again, the whole Trinity under the idea of efficient cause produced and conserved the nature that the Word was the person of; the causality of the efficient and conserving cause terminated only at some ‘existing’, and so the nature had the being of existence; not uncreated existence, because nothing is efficient cause of itself; therefore etc....
- 42 ... therefore it would have some actual existing; and not a new one because not by any positive change; therefore the same existing as it has now; therefore etc....
- 43 ...it belongs to this nature; therefore etc. 23. Further, the...
- 44 ... therefore its foundation naturally preceded it in actual existing. The foundation was the total [human] nature itself; therefore etc....
- 45 ... therefore either it has no existence or it has some existence of its own. 27. Against the next argument, about accident [n.14], I argue as follows: An accident has its own being of actual existence, because it can per se exist and because it has its own essence; therefore etc....
- 46 ...respect [sc. alteration]; therefore etc. 29. Further, when...
- 47 ... therefore it had actual existence before in its subject, and had the same existence (as is plain); therefore etc....
- 48 ... therefore Christ is other than man or other than God’, but this is a fallacy of the consequent by argument from something with several cause of truth to one of these causes; for, in the issue at hand, the antecedent [sc. ‘Christ is not only man etc. ’]...
- 49 ...differ numerically; therefore etc. That the predicate is...
- 50 ... therefore the antecedent is too. The proof of the falsity of the consequent is that the consequence is manifest, ‘for equality is founded on unity of union’ [Henry of Ghent]; but there is no real unity there of union with the Mother, as is plain by running through all the real relations; therefore etc....
- 51 ... therefore much more can two relations of passive origin be founded on two diverse foundations. 14. Again, according to Damascene ch.60, “Because we say that Christ has two natures, we say that he has two natural wills and natural operations;” ch.61, “But we say that there are two operations in our Lord Jesus Christ,” but relation regards the supposit no more than operation does, because operation belongs to the supposit ( Metaphysics 1.1.981a12-17); therefore etc....
- 52 ...be the same in species; therefore etc. 17. The major is made...
- 53 ...which is unacceptable; therefore etc. 19. The inference [...
- 54 ...adequately inhere in it); therefore etc. 22. The antecedent...
- 55 ... therefore too a respect to the proximate efficient cause is the same as the effect. The proof of the consequence is that all ordered efficient causes have the idea of one total cause; one and the same relation is not consubstantial and non-consubstantial with the same thing; therefore etc....
- 56 ...son of another father; therefore etc. a. a [ Interpolation ]...
- 57 ...is supreme Lord only in his divine nature; therefore etc. 3....
- 58 ... therefore in his human nature he had a superior, and so the conclusion is gained. 4. Further, however much the human nature is united to the Word, it is in itself a creature and does not exceed the limits of a creature; therefore the cult due to Christ in that nature should not exceed the cult due to any creature; divine cult does exceed it; therefore etc....
- 59 ...and the ultimate end; therefore etc. 7. To the contrary are...
- 60 ... therefore the cult of divine worship is due to the Redeemer as Redeemer, and by reason of the redemption, in the same way as it is owed to the Creator by reason of creation. 27. This supposition about the equality of lordship in Creator and Redeemer with respect to the created and redeemed is proved in several ways: First from the Apostle in Galatians 6 [ I Corinthians 6.20], ‘For you were bought at a great price; so glorify etc. ’...
- 61 ...only the good of nature; therefore etc. 30. Herefrom the...
- 62 ... therefore he is an adopted Son. Proof of the consequence: for to predestine is to adopt as heir; therefore God, in predestining Christ to be son of God, adopts him as predestined to be heir, because he preordains him to be heir, and that by act of will; therefore etc....
- 63 ... therefore he cannot be a creature of this sort, and if not of this sort then not of any other sort. 9. Again, if Christ is a creature and Christ is Son of God, then the Son of God is a creature. This way of arguing is a good one because when the middle term is a definite something the extreme terms must be joined together in the conclusion; therefore etc....
- 64 ...to be human nature]; therefore etc. I. To the Question A....
- 65 ...the Soul 2.4.425b13); therefore etc. 13. Further, mortal and...
- 66 ...are said of Christ; therefore etc. 14. Further, it is as...
- 67 ...through the nature; therefore etc. 33. And hereby it is...
- 68 ...in the case at hand; therefore etc. I. To the Question 46. I...
- 69 ...natures began to be; therefore etc. 58. Further, what began...
- 70 ...existence of substance; therefore etc. 59. Further, what is...
- 71 ...Christ was generated; therefore etc. 60. Further, the Word...
- 72 ... therefore he assumed it as able to sin; therefore in that nature he was able to sin. 4. Again, what someone can do if he wills, he can do simply (for, according to Augustine On the Spirit and the Letter 31.n.53, “That which a man does is in his power”), and this is taken up by Anselm Why God man 2.10; Christ was able to sin if he wanted, because ‘to want to sin’ is to sin; therefore he was able to do it simply; therefore etc....
- 73 ...wills nothing badly;” therefore etc. 10. Those, however, who...
- 74 ... therefore it was thus capable as to its operation too. The highest union as to operation is by supreme habit of grace alone, which is the principle of operating; therefore etc....
- 75 ...was possible to give; therefore etc. 17. Again, John 3.34, “...
- 76 ...infra nn.45-48, 53]; therefore etc. Question Three. Whether...
- 77 ... therefore grace is more required for the act of enjoyment, which is a more excellent act. Further, otherwise [sc. if grace were not required] someone could be supremely blessed, without charity, because he could have the highest enjoyment without charity. 25. Further, just as natural existence is required for natural operation, so supernatural existence is required for supernatural operation; therefore the highest existence is required for the highest operation; the highest existence is had through the highest grace; therefore etc....
- 78 ... therefore the highest enjoyment, which God can make through the medium of the highest grace, he can make without it; therefore etc....
- 79 ... therefore it is probable to say that he did it, and not to any but the soul of Christ; therefore etc....
- 80 ... therefore, the most perfect supernatural act also presupposes the supernatural habit (the consequence is proved by way of similarity); and thus the most perfect supernatural act cannot be the first perfection of the intellect. 6. To the contrary is the Master in the text. 7. Besides, the highest enjoyment presupposes the highest vision; Christ’s soul was able to enjoy the highest enjoyment possible for a creature (from d.13 nn.80-81); therefore etc....
- 81 ...vision in the intellect; therefore etc. 20. Further, if some...
- 82 ...reason of its infinity; therefore etc. 33. And then next to...
- 83 ...which is unacceptable; therefore etc. 52. Further, a finite...
- 84 ... therefore, thus continuing infinitely, it sees more things less distinctly than it sees fewer things; but to see finite things ad infinitum more distinctly than some infinite limit is not to see; therefore etc....
- 85 ...Analytics 2.19.100a3-8); therefore etc. 95. Further, Christ...
- 86 ...and Christ had supreme joy; therefore etc. The proof of the...
- 87 ...also as efficient cause; therefore etc. 5. Further, the...
- 88 ...constricted and expanded; therefore etc. 11. Again Hilary (...
- 89 ...found in the higher part; therefore etc. 14. Further, Christ...
- 90 ... etc. 79. As to the third [n.75], one must reply diversely according to the four ways set down in the first article about the disagreeable and the sorrowful [nn.47-60]. 80. For by making a beginning here from what was last there, as being more manifest [nn.60, 55-56], it is plain that Christ’s will was conjoined with his pained sense appetite, therefore...
- 91 ...order to what is first; therefore etc. [sc. the will as it...
- 92 ... therefore the lower part could not not-want it. 111. Again, from a principle and conclusion opposite results do not follow; the principle of lower practical reason is a conclusion of higher reason; therefore etc....
- 93 ...to be in future; therefore etc. 116. Again, the Master in...
- 94 ... therefore he was not saddened’, since a conditional not-wanting suffices for being saddened simply; hence, one can only argue, ‘he did not want it absolutely, therefore he was not saddened for this reason’ — but compatible with this is that he was saddened simply for some other reason (a single reason or a double one). 127. Thus is the gloss fulfilled [Lombard, Commentary on the Psalms , psalm 87.4] “‘My soul is filled with evils etc. ,’...
- 95 ... therefore Christ was not under any necessity to die. 3. Second as follows: Christ’s soul was omniscient (as said in d.14 nn.58-70); therefore it was omnipotent, and if so it was not under necessity to die because it could prevent any cause that would prevent life. The first consequence is plain, because omniscience is not a greater perfection than omnipotence, since the acts of both have regard to the same objects and include power for acts that tend to everything possible; therefore etc....
- 96 ... therefore his soul dominated his body more than it dominated the other powers, because a slave has no power against his master but a citizen has power against the prince and sometimes contradicts him; therefore etc....
- 97 ... etc. 16. Second, because in Christ’s body there were contrary qualities, for the qualities of the elements are not in altogether equal proportion in a mixed body that is proportioned to the soul ( for one part is complexioned differently from another, and life consists principally in the hot and wet and in other things that are equally proportioned); therefore...
- 98 ...the corruption of the parts; therefore etc. 19. Again, every...
- 99 ...and corruptible; therefore etc. 2. Rejection of the Opinion...
- 100 ...it did the appetite, therefore etc. , I say that the soul...
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| 2 | Author: | Scotus, John Duns | | | Collection Title: | Scotus: Ordinatio | | | Volume: | Ordinatio. Book 2. Distinctions 4 to 44. | | | Published: | 2022 | | | | Matches:
110 hits | First 100 of 110 hits in this volume.You might want to modify your search to reduce the number of returns. To see all 110 hits, please visit the volume directly: Ordinatio. Book 2. Distinctions 4 to 44.
- 1 ... therefore the created angel had grace at once. But the angel had grace and blessedness at the same time - proof: because there was guilt and punishment at the same time in the bad angels (otherwise their guilt would be remediable). 6. On the contrary: Augustine On Genesis 1.3 n.2: “The angel was first made unformed, secondly light:” therefore etc....
- 2 ... therefore a greater merit was required in them. But a man is a wayfarer for a long time, and he has many meritorious and many difficult works; therefore the reward of the angels requires these; but there was not so great a interval before their blessedness - therefore etc....
- 3 ...respect to blessedness; therefore etc. C. To the Principal...
- 4 ... Therefore by division, once the others are excluded [sc. the others among the seven], it follows that they sinned by the sin of pride [sc. the only one of the seven still left]. 28. The thing is also plain from the verse of Psalm 73.23 [n.12], “the pride of those who hate you etc. ;”...
- 5 ... therefore humility is less ‘good’), and because, speaking of the moral virtues, humility is a sort of temperance - but all temperance is less perfect than friendship, which is the most perfect virtue under justice ( Ethics 5.3 1129b29-30, 8.1.1155a1-2, 8.4.1156b7-10). Therefore etc....
- 6 ... therefore from affection for advantage, because “every elicited act of the will is elicited according to the affection either for justice or for advantage,” according to Anselm ( Fall of the Devil 4). The greatest advantage is most greatly desired by a will not following the rule of justice, and so is desired first, because nothing else rules a will that is not right save a disordered and immoderate appetite for the greatest good of advantage; but the greatest advantage is perfect blessedness; therefore etc....
- 7 ...thing is supreme; therefore etc. - And this argument can be...
- 8 ... therefore the good will advantage just as do the bad. Therefore all sinned equally if they sinned from affection for advantage; therefore etc....
- 9 ...it seems, good acts; therefore etc. 3. Further, the image [...
- 10 ... etc. ;” so in this respect they have capacity for God and are sharers in him (for in this respect is the image of God in the soul, “whereby it can have capacity for God and be sharer in him,” according to Augustine On the Trinity 14.8 n.11); but they cannot grasp God or be sharers in him save by a good act; therefore...
- 11 ... therefore they will never be in their term. Something else unacceptable also follows, that by parity of reasoning charity could be increased in the good if malice can be increased in the bad, and thus it follows that the good would never be in the term of blessedness just as neither the bad in the term of malice; therefore etc....
- 12 ... etc. ” - The argument then goes as follows: if the human will could of itself return to justice, much more the angelic will; therefore...
- 13 ... therefore it cannot rebound back - which is false. b. b [ Interpolation ] Or thus: the sinning soul is obstinate in the instant of separation, because it is in the term - yet not by an act that it then elicits, because in the same instant in which it is separated the whole composite is corrupted, and in that instant it does not understand; nor even is it obstinate through an act preceding that instant, because then it was a wayfarer; therefore etc....
- 14 ...instant of corruption); therefore etc. 15. A confirmation...
- 15 ...respect to itself; therefore etc. Third... 17. The reasoning...
- 16 ... therefore the reason there can be no going against the law is equally a reason there can be no going against judgment following the law); but this wayfarer, if he will be damned, will be so according to a judgment consonant to the law; therefore etc. ’ -...
- 17 ... therefore there will only be the unity of mover to movable. But he can have such unity to a non-assumed body (as to the heaven which he moves); therefore etc....
- 18 ...there is transmutation; therefore etc. 5. To the opposite:...
- 19 ... therefore everything that is illumined was first dark; but in the blessed angels there is no darkness; therefore etc....
- 20 ... therefore in vain is speaking made about what was manifest before speaking; therefore etc....
- 21 ... therefore, since an angel cannot have anything in imaginable being (because he does not have phantasms), neither can anything pass from sensible being to intelligible being in an angel. Wherefore etc....
- 22 ... therefore the two act at the same time to generate the species acquired from some object, namely the two of the intellect and the object. But this is false, because agents diverse in genus cannot produce the same effect; but these two are diverse in genus; therefore etc....
- 23 ... therefore a singular would generate a singular species in the angel’s intellect; therefore his intellect, having been made to be like by the species, would know the singular through its proper idea, which is absurd; therefore etc....
- 24 ... therefore much more intelligible to this other angel is the determinate concept which this vague concept expresses (because a determinate concept is more perfect and more intelligible; and the intellect of any angel whatever has any caused concept whatever for any intelligible not exceeding it, and this intellect is not bound to a phantasm, as is plain; therefore etc. )....
- 25 ...of a second angel; therefore etc. 51. Proof of the major,...
- 26 ...hear an angel speaking; therefore etc. [Lectura 2 d.9 n.52]....
- 27 ... Therefore all diverse efficient causes, which are essentially ordered, are diverse in genus. 111. And when the division is proved that ‘either they are required insofar as they are other in genus or insofar as they are the same in genus’ etc. [...
- 28 ...thousands assisted him;” therefore etc. 3. On the contrary:...
- 29 ... etc. ” where Jerome’s Gloss says that “the angelic dignities did not know the aforesaid mystery in its purity until the passion of Christ had been completed and the preaching of the Apostles had been spread among the nations” - which mystery, however, was until that point “not unknown” to the greater angels according to Augustine’s Gloss. Now it is clear that it was not unknown to the angel sent to the blessed Virgin to make this announcement; therefore...
- 30 ...potency to second act, therefore etc. 4. Further, a sensible...
- 31 ...3.7.431a14-15], wherefore etc. Therefore much more can what...
- 32 ... etc. ” 3. Further, illuming generates a substance, as is plain of fire [sc. which can be generated by the illuming of the sun]; therefore...
- 33 ... therefore it has some sensible species; not a species different from the illuming; therefore etc....
- 34 ...is not such; a therefore etc. a. a [ Interpolation ] save...
- 35 ... therefore a privation of the form of fire remains there. Proof of the minor: no form gives an act opposed to privation of any form whatever unless it contains in itself all forms, at least virtually; but the form of heaven does not thus contain all forms, because it does not contain the intellective soul; therefore etc....
- 36 ... therefore no other motion should be posited because of it, because one part when present does perhaps the same as another; no motion therefore is necessary save the motion of the stars. But the proper motion of the stars seems it can be accounted for in one heaven, just as can the many proper motions in water or air; therefore etc....
- 37 ... therefore it is reduced first back to God; but it is reduced by grace; therefore etc....
- 38 ... therefore likewise in approval, as it seems. 7. Further, the form determining for action should be put more in the principal agent than in the instrument; the essence is the principal agent, the power is as an instrumental agent, according to Anselm On Concord q.3 ch.11; therefore etc....
- 39 ... therefore that which is recreated also requires a unity of grace perfecting the essence and a trinity virtually perfecting the powers. 9. To the opposite: Grace is a form in the soul, as is proved in 1 d.17 nn.121, 129-131; it is not a passion or a power, so it is a habit, according to the division posited by the Philosopher Ethics 2.4-5.1106a11-24, “Every habit is in a power, because it makes the work of the possessor of it good;” therefore etc....
- 40 ...in the power of will; therefore etc. I. To the Question A....
- 41 ...pertain to the essence; therefore etc. 13. A confirmation is...
- 42 ... therefore what gives natural or supernatural acting gives natural or supernatural being. But grace gives acting to the soul, therefore it gives being to it; but being belongs to the essence; therefore etc....
- 43 ... therefore it precisely perfects the soul insofar as the soul is the power to which such act belongs; this power is the will, therefore etc....
- 44 ...justice and rectitude; therefore etc. 26. Again, opposites...
- 45 ...is not a virtue; therefore etc. a a. a [ Interpolation ] nor...
- 46 ...posited in God; therefore etc. 11. Response: Charity is that...
- 47 ... therefore they were guarding against all sin and yet it seems they did not have grace. 3. Further, Augustine On Free Choice 3.18 n.17, “No one sins in something he cannot avoid;” some sin cannot be avoided; a therefore etc....
- 48 ...original justice [n.2]); therefore etc. I. To the Question...
- 49 ...because it is not free; therefore etc. 21. Next: if original...
- 50 ...an infected thing’; therefore etc. Proof of the assumption:...
- 51 ... etc. ” 3. Further, the [unbaptized] children will have bodies capable of suffering, because their bodies will not be glorious; so they will be able to undergo the active power of something present to them; therefore...
- 52 ... therefore in goodness too. Sin, then, is not from good as a cause but from evil. 4. Further, whatever is from good as from the efficient cause is directed to good as end; sin is not directed to good as end, because it turns from the end; therefore etc....
- 53 ...evil before; therefore evil is from good, etc. ”]. Question...
- 54 ...is something positive; therefore etc. 12. Further, that by...
- 55 ...only harms what it is in; therefore etc. 14. The opposite is...
- 56 ... therefore every punishment is from God” [more precisely: “The punishment of the bad, therefore, which is from God, is bad indeed for the bad; but it is among the good works of God, since it is just for the bad to be punished”]; but no guilt is from God, therefore no guilt is a punishment of sin. 17. Further, every sin is voluntary, according to Augustine On True Religion ch.4; punishment is involuntary (Anselm, On the Virginal Conception ch.4); therefore etc....
- 57 ... therefore he is cause of sin. The proof of the consequence is that punishment is a per se evil just as guilt is - indeed, it seems more to be a per se evil, because it is opposed to the good of nature while guilt is opposed to the good of morals; the good of nature is a prior good to the good of morals. The antecedent [sc. God is cause of punishment] is plain from Augustine Retractions 1.25, “Every punishment is just etc. ” [...
- 58 ... therefore, in the way that evil has a cause, it can have no cause but good, speaking of the first created good. 75. This is plain from Augustine City of God 12.6, “He [who consents to the tempter] seems to have made for himself an evil will etc. ”...
- 59 ...by the divine will; therefore etc. The proof of the minor is...
- 60 ...have a right willing; therefore etc. 103. From the fourth...
- 61 ...belongs to the will; therefore etc. 3. Further, the will...
- 62 ... therefore the naturally willed is the ‘necessarily willed’. But justice is something naturally willed by the will, because it is a perfection as natural to the will as advantage is; so it is necessarily willed. Therefore what is posited as the necessary principle for inclining the will to justice should be posited as in the will; this necessary principle is synderesis; therefore etc....
- 63 ... therefore the antecedent is false as well. 10. For the opposite side: Ecclesiastes 7.23, “For your conscience knows that you have often cursed others. ” 11. This is also plain from the acts of conscience, which are to testify, to accuse, to judge etc. ,...
- 64 ...reason and intellect; therefore etc. I. To both Questions A....
- 65 ... therefore an agent necessarily acting according to this weight does not act freely, because acting thus or otherwise is not in its power. If the will does not need to act according to this weight (which even the Apostle manifestly seems to mean, from the gloss on Romans , ‘Whatever is against conscience etc. ’,...
- 66 ...principle is there; therefore etc. 4. Again, the goodness of...
- 67 ...be posited but the end; therefore etc. 5. On the contrary:...
- 68 ...bad is privation of good]; therefore etc. The major is plain...
- 69 ...4.7.1011b23-24; therefore etc. 3. Further, habits are...
- 70 ... therefore that matter is a certain positive entity in the composite. 12. I prove this as follows: a per se principle of nature, a per se cause, a per se foundation of forms, a per se subject of generation, a per se part of a composite, is some per se positive thing; but matter is of this sort; therefore etc....
- 71 ... therefore does the Philosopher say that matter is not a what nor a what-sort-of etc;...
- 72 ... therefore if matter can be a per se proper accident (which cannot exist per se), there will be something inferior to it, and it will not be nothing but something, which is contrary to Augustine Confessions 12.32. 5. On the contrary: quantity, since it is an accident, is no less dependent naturally posterior to substance than matter to form, since form is substance and naturally prior; but quantity without substance can, by divine power, exist in the sacrament [sc. of the altar]; therefore etc....
- 73 ...act or possesses act; therefore etc. The proof of the minor...
- 74 ... therefore, that on the supposition that matter states some positive entity outside its potency (as is plain from the preceding question), then by divine power it can come to exist per se and be preserved in its proper being without any absolute substantial or accidental form. 13. I prove this in three ways. First as follows: everything absolute naturally prior can exist without any absolute really distinct from it; but matter is such with respect to every absolute form; therefore etc....
- 75 ...really distinct from it; therefore etc. 15. Again, what is...
- 76 ...no form for itself; therefore etc. 16. If you say that at...
- 77 ...the genus of substance; therefore etc. [Appendix] Fifteenth...
- 78 ...mixed body, as is plain; therefore etc. To the Question 7. I...
- 79 ... therefore there are three really distinct things in the soul; but not in act, therefore in power. 3. Further, powers are distinguished by their acts ( On the Soul 2 text 33); but the acts of the soul are really distinct; therefore etc....
- 80 ... therefore it is in its essence immediately an understanding and a willing. The proof of the consequence is that, according to Proclus, everything immaterial turns back on itself. Therefore understanding and intellect are really the same in the soul. Therefore etc....
- 81 ... Therefore their powers will also be accidents. Therefore etc....
- 82 ...but rather conversely; therefore etc. 22. Besides, Augustine...
- 83 ...ignorance to knowledge. Therefore etc. 5. But I say that the...
- 84 ...for men in fire; therefore etc. 3. On the contrary: Genesis...
- 85 ... therefore, contrariwise, natural change, while formally from without, has in the passive thing a principle from within acting with it and contributing some of the force. Again the Commentator on Metaphysics 8 text 15 says that a generator does not bestow manyness but perfection; nor would it bestow manyness unless there were something preexistent in the matter, which would be the form; therefore etc....
- 86 ... etc. ; or they are an accident, and this is not the case because accident is not substance; or they are substance, and this is not the case because diverse forms of diverse ideas, however diminished, are not compossible together in the same thing, unless they are subordinate; therefore...
- 87 ... etc. 15. I say therefore that the first motive provides no...
- 88 ... therefore the form of the seed is not an agent for the generation. 24. Again the formal active principle is not imperfect in the formal term produced; but a further form is always more imperfect than the former one; therefore etc....
- 89 ...has been deposited; therefore etc. 26. You will say that it...
- 90 ...form of the heavens; therefore etc. 27. Recourse then must...
- 91 ...generable then as now; therefore, etc. 3. Further, nothing...
- 92 ...are there violently; therefore, etc. 4. On the contrary:...
- 93 ...is dead because of sin; therefore, etc. To the Question 5....
- 94 ...by little etc. 9. It is plain therefore that the conserving...
- 95 ... therefore, that our bodies in the state of innocence were of themselves corruptible from within, although more slowly than our present bodies because of the better nutriment they would have had; nor did the state of innocence of itself take away the stated cause of corruption without some new miracle. But this potency would not have been reduced to act, because we would have been translated into glory before the time of dissolution. And this reason agrees with the one stated above [n.6], namely that death is a punishment for sin, etc....
- 96 ... etc. Question Two. Whether in the state of innocence only those would have been born who are now the elect. Scotus, Sent .2 d.20 q.2 1. The second question to ask is whether only those would then have been born who are truly elect. 2. That not so: because many now are born elect from parents who are not elect, therefore...
- 97 ... Therefore then too he would have produced her accidentally, otherwise the state of innocence would have harmed her without her guilt etc....
- 98 ... Therefore it was not against the greatest commandment absolutely speaking; nor was it an inordinate love of self, as was said; therefore it was not the greatest sin per se, as the sin of the angel was, nor the greatest per accidens, as by circumstance of person, for Adam did not then have as great an excellence in gifts of nature or grace as the angel did. Therefore etc....
- 99 ...his sin was greater. Therefore etc. To the Arguments 10. To...
- 100 ...prudent in deliberating. Therefore etc. 4. Again, because...
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| 3 | Author: | Scotus, John Duns | | | Collection Title: | Scotus: Ordinatio | | | Volume: | Ordinatio. Book 2. Distinctions 1 - 3. | | | Published: | 2022 | | | | Matches:
120 hits | First 100 of 120 hits in this volume.You might want to modify your search to reduce the number of returns. To see all 120 hits, please visit the volume directly: Ordinatio. Book 2. Distinctions 1 - 3.
- 1 ... therefore the act of creating, which is the first act of causing, belongs to the three persons precisely. - Again, to be able to create belongs to no nature but the divine, nor can it belong to any supposit in divine reality besides the three persons, as is plain from Augustine On the Trinity bk.2 ch.10 n.18, “the works of the Trinity are undivided;” therefore etc. [...
- 2 ...were made’ [ John 1.3];” therefore etc. - Again, there is an...
- 3 ... therefore the produced word corresponding to it and love are the immediate principle of operating and producing in divine reality. - The reason is confirmed by the verse of the Apostle I Corinthians 1.23-24, “‘We preach Christ,’ he says, ‘the virtue of God and the wisdom of God;’ ‘virtue’ insofar as Christ possesses the idea of practical science (and this is proper to him), according to which also the word is called operative power - ‘wisdom’ insofar as he possesses the idea of speculative science etc. ” (...
- 4 ...reason for creating; therefore etc. 9. And if it be said...
- 5 ... Therefore divine nature has being in the persons before it is a principle of extrinsic production. b a. a [ Interpolation ] because nature must have being before acting; but it only has being in a supposit, just as the species only has being in an individual; therefore etc....
- 6 ... therefore the agent must be disposed differently now than it was before and consequently must undergo change. But the first agent cannot change; therefore etc....
- 7 ... therefore neither ‘does it act when it wants because it acts voluntarily’. 57. To the opposite: Genesis 1.1, “In the beginning God created heaven and earth. ” I. To the Question 58. I reply: To create is to produce something in fact from nothing. Now although the ‘from’ can be taken in many ways (as is plain from Anselm Monologion 8), namely as far as it denotes order etc. [...
- 8 ... therefore before time there was time. 98. Thirdly thus: according to the Philosopher On Generation 1.3.318a23-25, the generation of one thing is the corruption of another. So there never was any first generation, and consequently some generable things were without a beginning. 99. Fourthly thus: a cause not acting by motion and being unable to be prevented can have an effect coeval with it, as is plain in creatures; therefore etc....
- 9 ...would be in the cause; therefore etc. 107. The deduction is...
- 10 ... etc. [sc. , from Henry, but ability not to be precedes in nature and duration ability to be, just as not being precedes being in nature; therefore...
- 11 ... therefore, by parity of reasoning, an angel is just an angel, and no respect is the same as it. 181. Second thus: there is creation of an angel only in the first instant of nature, when the angel receives being; but an angel persists after the first instant, and nothing persists without that which is really the same as it; therefore etc....
- 12 ...a generating fire; therefore etc. The proof of the minor is...
- 13 ...creation is change; therefore etc. 185. Proof of the major [...
- 14 ...simple, as it seems; therefore etc. 198. Fourth it is argued...
- 15 ...is unacceptable, therefore etc. 199. Fifth thus: relation...
- 16 ...in its species; therefore etc. a a. a [ Interpolation ]:...
- 17 ... therefore there are many relations that are not the same really as their foundation. 201. Proof of the major: because that the ‘same being’ should really be and really not be seems to be opposed to the first principle [sc. the principle that the same thing cannot both be and not be at the same time etc. ],...
- 18 ...not compose before; therefore etc. 211. Second a principally...
- 19 ... etc. - The minor is true when comparing equality and inequality to the same thing, and thus both are in the same foundation, though successively. 212. Third thus: the same thing does not contain many things of the same idea the same in perfect identity with itself; but many relations of the same idea are in the same foundation, as there are many likenesses founded on the same whiteness; therefore...
- 20 ...is manifest to the senses; therefore etc. 214. Fifth thus:...
- 21 ...founded on the same heat; therefore etc. 215. Sixth and last...
- 22 ... therefore the ‘as to what it is they are’ is taken here, not for existence in the intellect, but for existence in reality. But if relations in reality are of others ‘as to what it is they are’, and a foundation is not of another ‘as to what it is’ - then the being of the latter is one thing and the being of the former another thing; therefore etc....
- 23 ... therefore a second cause contributes nothing to a being able to cause. 227. The proof of the fourth is that all mathematical conclusions demonstrate relations of subjects. The point is clear first from the authority of the Philosopher, Metaphysics 13.3.1078a31-b2, who says, “Of the good the species most of all are order [common measure and the definite] etc......
- 24 ...entity to another; therefore etc. - Again, that in whose...
- 25 ...1 d.30 nn.30-31, 40, 43]; therefore etc. 251. Fourth, to the...
- 26 ... therefore it cannot be precisely any one of the relations. Nor can it be all of them, because they are formally different among themselves - and then any one created essence would have a formal distinction from itself. Therefore etc....
- 27 ...relations of reason; therefore etc. 2. Second Opinion 253. [...
- 28 ...what is simply necessary; therefore etc. 264. Against this...
- 29 ... etc. a a. a [ Interpolated note ] Again, the relation of likeness is not the same as whiteness, and yet it is necessarily present when the term is in place; therefore...
- 30 ... etc. ’] the relation, according to one opinion, of vision to the object would be that of identity - because of the second of them [‘and further, if this is the first etc. ’] the dependence of our nature on the person of the Word in Christ would not be identical with our nature. Again, a relation to something simultaneous in nature as to a term is posterior to the foundation (as likeness is posterior to whiteness); therefore...
- 31 ...other than the term]; therefore etc. a - and so it is the...
- 32 ...quality, etc. ’ are primarily diverse; therefore). Again...
- 33 ...things differing in species; therefore etc. 299. Thirdly as...
- 34 ...not differ in species; therefore etc. I. To the Question A....
- 35 ...perfective of any matter; therefore etc. B. On the first...
- 36 ... therefore it must be possible to understand one now and another now on the part of the angel without any respect to time; this otherness can only be of the ‘nows’ of aeviternity; therefore etc....
- 37 ...as it is aeviternal; therefore etc. 47. Also, as to his...
- 38 ...posterior to the angel; therefore etc. [n.91]. C. Instance...
- 39 ... therefore time would be a composite of indivisibles, which is against the Philosopher [ Physics 6.9.239b8-9]. 100. To prove this [sc. that an indivisible ‘now’ cannot flow according to different existences] there are two reasons from the Philosopher [ Physics 4.10.218a21-30], a one of which is of this sort: ‘those things are said to be at once which are in the same indivisible instant etc. ’...
- 40 ... therefore if the instant is the same in substance, all instances are equally present and at once, both those now and those a thousand years from now (Averroes Physics 4 comm.92). 101. The other reason is that ‘of any continuous thing there are two distinct terms etc. ’ -...
- 41 ...now as to substance’; therefore etc. 111. I reply. If time...
- 42 ...is of this sort; therefore etc. 145. Secondly as follows:...
- 43 ... therefore every operation of an angel endures for a time and consequently is not precisely in an instant. But if it is in aeviternity (since it is not eternal) it will be precisely in an instant; wherefore etc....
- 44 ... therefore by aeviternity. The proof of the consequence is that more than one measure is not posited in an interval of being. The antecedent as to eternity is plain; as to time the proof is that an angel could have an operation when the motion of the heaven does not exist; but when the motion of the heaven does not exist there would be no time; therefore etc....
- 45 ...such is discrete time; therefore etc. 148. This reason is...
- 46 ...nature to time; therefore it seems etc. [sc. as above:...
- 47 ... etc. Let it however be so, certainly no number can be composed of parts altogether of another idea, however much; but an angel’s intellection of one object and of another is of another idea in its proper genus, because intellection is specified by its object; therefore...
- 48 ... therefore the conclusion is true of an angel too. 192. Augustine also says about God in Literal Commentary on Genesis 8.26 n.48 that “he moves the corporeal creature through place and time but the spiritual creature through time only;” therefore he denies local motion of the spiritual creature, and so he denies that the spiritual creature exists in place. 193. Further, Aristotle Physics 4.4.212a20-21 says that “place is the ultimate limit of the containing body, etc. ” [...
- 49 ...than an angel; therefore etc. 194. Further, everything that...
- 50 ...in the whole heaven; therefore etc. [sc. an angel’s place is...
- 51 ...not formally in him; therefore etc. 213. Further, the action...
- 52 ...contradictories be; therefore etc. 258. Fourthly as follows:...
- 53 ...same thing at once; therefore etc. 259. Fifthly as follows:...
- 54 ...the term ‘to which’. Therefore etc. 260. To the contrary: An...
- 55 ... therefore he will be in two non-continuous places. 261. Further: a body can be in two places at once, therefore a spirit can much more be so; the antecedent is made clear in 4 d.10 p.1 q.2 nn.11-24, in the material about the Eucharist; therefore etc....
- 56 ... therefore it is not actually existing but passing by instantaneously, I ask what succeeds to it. If something indivisible in the continuous succeeds to it, the proposed conclusion is reached, namely that an indivisible is immediate to an indivisible, and thus the continuous will be composed of indivisibles. If there is no other indivisible succeeding to it, therefore it will then not be, for the indivisible of it is not; and as was argued, ‘it does not exist unless some indivisible of it exists’, therefore etc....
- 57 ... Therefore when an indivisible [sc. an angel] is moved it cannot be partly in the term ‘from which’ and partly in the term ‘to which’, because it does not have part after part; therefore etc....
- 58 ...if a vacuum be posited; therefore etc. 307. Again, from the...
- 59 ... therefore no motion is possible in a vacuum, but a motion is possible in a plenum. - In the way that Aristotle argues on the part of the medium, so can one argue in the issue at hand; for (ceteris paribus) what the proportion of movable to movable is in quickness, so is the proportion of angel to body in rareness; but there is no proportion of angel to body in rareness; therefore etc. (...
- 60 ... Therefore between the two points, which were posited as immediate in the side, there is an intermediate point; this follows from the fact that it was said [just above] there was a middle point between the points on the diagonal; so from the opposite of the consequent follows the opposite of the antecedent [sc. ‘if there is no intermediate point in the side, there is none in the diagonal; but there is an intermediate in the diagonal, therefore there is one in the side’], therefore etc. [‘...
- 61 ... therefore entails the consequent: if a continuum can be divided to infinity, then it will be possible for this division to have been actually done to infinity. 357. But if you say that the singulars in the consequent are repugnant but not the singulars in the antecedent - on the contrary: from something possible no incompossibles follow; but from the singulars of the antecedent the singulars of the consequent follow (as is plain by induction); therefore etc....
- 62 ...of something positive; therefore etc. [sc. point must state...
- 63 ...the other moved first; therefore etc. 443. On the contrary:...
- 64 ...they will be passive. ” Therefore etc. 449. And if you say...
- 65 ...to him, in aeviternity. Therefore etc. 492. Besides, his...
- 66 ...in something else;” therefore etc. So material substance of...
- 67 ... Therefore one must look for a cause as to why a nature is universal (and the intellect is to be given as the cause), but a cause other than the nature of the thing as to why a nature is singular - a cause mediating between the nature and its singularity - is not to be looked for, but the same causes that are causes of the unity of a thing are causes also of its singularity; therefore etc. ,...
- 68 ...than numerical unity; therefore etc. 9. The major premise...
- 69 ...this is repugnant to it; therefore etc. ). 10. Proof of the...
- 70 ...16, 18, 19, 20, 23 28]: therefore etc. 11. The first way is...
- 71 ...constitutes another; therefore etc. 15. So the Philosopher’s...
- 72 ...no comparison is made. Therefore etc. 18. Further, third:...
- 73 ... therefore both first extremes of this opposition are real and ‘one’ with some real unity; but not with numerical unity, because then this white thing would be precisely the first contrary to this black thing (or that white thing would precisely be so), which is unacceptable, because then there would be as many first contrarieties as there are contrary individuals; therefore etc....
- 74 ...to the divine nature); therefore etc. 53. Again, a thing is...
- 75 ... therefore it does not determine anything else. 62. On this basis one can argue in another way: because that which presupposes the determinateness and distinctness of something else is not the reason for distinguishing and determining itself; but existence, as it is determinate and distinct, presupposes the order and distinctness of essences; therefore etc....
- 76 ... therefore it precedes also the distinction of the generator and the generated; but it would not naturally precede this distinction if it were not naturally and per se required as the distinguisher of the thing generated; therefore etc....
- 77 ...is not an active form; therefore etc. 98. Further, why does...
- 78 ...one are in number one;” therefore etc. 131. On the contrary:...
- 79 ... Therefore it seems that matter is outside the idea of quiddity and of whatever first has quiddity, and so, since matter is something in beings, it seems to be part of the individual, or the individuation of the whole; but whatever there is in an individual that is repugnant altogether to the idea of quiddity, this can be posited as the first reason for individuating; therefore etc....
- 80 ... therefore the first, immovable mover is one in idea and in number. ” This reasoning - whereby the unity of the heaven is proved from the unity of the mover, and the unity of the mover is not only unity in species but in number, because of the fact the mover does not have matter - would not seem valid unless distinction in number were made by matter; therefore etc....
- 81 ... therefore it is indivisible. 150. And there is confirmation from the remark of Porphyry [ Book of Predicables ch.2 2b14-16], “When we descend from the most general to the most specific, Plato [ Politicus Latinus I 596] bids us come to a rest;” but if it were possible for there to be a further division of this nature, one should not rest at the nature; therefore etc....
- 82 ...not transubstantiated; therefore etc. 160. In metaphysics...
- 83 ...of this generation); therefore etc. Likewise, while this...
- 84 ... therefore one has to ask by what it is a ‘this’. III. To the Authorities from the Philosopher for the Opposite 201. To the authority from Aristotle Metaphysics 5 [n.130] (“in number one” etc. ),...
- 85 ... therefore they differ specifically. 216. The proof of the major is taken from Metaphysics 8.3.1043b32-44a11 where forms are compared to numbers, in which any addition or subtraction varies the species; therefore etc....
- 86 ...and species are the same; therefore etc. 218. Further, every...
- 87 ...it exists in matter; therefore etc. 220. Further, in the...
- 88 ... therefore there is no numerical difference in them. 222. Further, the Philosopher in On the Soul 2.4.415a26-b7 seems to say that a multitude of individuals exists only for the sake of the preservation of the species; but in the case of incorruptible things nature is sufficiently preserved in one individual; therefore etc....
- 89 ...one sun and one moon; therefore etc. 224. On the contrary:...
- 90 ... therefore any other quiddity is communicable, and this with numerical distinctness - and thus the intended conclusion. But that every quiddity is communicable is plain because this is not repugnant to it from perfection, since it belongs to the divine quiddity, nor from imperfection, since it belongs to things generable and corruptible; therefore etc....
- 91 ...is false; therefore etc. a a. a [ Interpolation ] Or as...
- 92 ...fell and some stood; therefore etc. 236. Further, if it be...
- 93 ...reason for understanding; therefore etc. 258. Further, every...
- 94 ... therefore the intellect of an angel is not acted on by his essence. But the intellect is acted on by the intelligible object, from Metaphysics 12.7.1072a30; therefore etc....
- 95 ... therefore either it represents that a will be and will not be, and then it represents nothing because these are contradictories; or it represents only that a is, and so the intellect would not know it when a is not, and the same conversely; therefore etc. ...
- 96 ...determined to existence; therefore etc. Further, against...
- 97 ...impeding condition; therefore etc. Further, the reasons...
- 98 ...at hand it is not so; therefore etc. 266. Against this: This...
- 99 ... therefore it is impossible for the wood to have this immanent operation, which is ‘to heat’. So it is in the issue at hand; therefore etc....
- 100 ... etc. ’ because it is ‘that by which we live and sense etc. ’ Therefore...
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| 4 | Author: | Scotus, John Duns | | | Collection Title: | Scotus: Ordinatio | | | Volume: | Ordinatio. Book 4. Distinctions 8 - 13. | | | Published: | 2022 | | | | Matches:
92 hits | - 1 ...in bread and wine; therefore etc 29. It was fitting too that...
- 2 ...in a sacrament of truth; therefore etc. 54. Again, it is not...
- 3 ... therefore, since the consecration of the body consists of four words, it seems it should be similar also for the consecration of the blood, that is, that the following words should suffice, namely ‘this is my blood’; therefore the rest are superfluous. 58. On the contrary: In Gregory IX, Decretals , Innocent III says that the form of the words, as it is written in the Canon, was received from Christ by the Apostles and from the Apostles by their successors; therefore etc....
- 4 ... therefore, based on the Gospel, the form does not seem certain. The Greeks too use another form saying, “This is my blood of the New Testament, which is shed for you and for many for the remission of sins etc. ;”...
- 5 ...as the words show; therefore etc. 81. Again, by these words...
- 6 ...which is something or a being; therefore etc. 127. [Eleventh...
- 7 ...he is in mortal sin; therefore etc. Proof of the minor as to...
- 8 ... etc. ” “It is a sacrament I have commended to you; spiritually understood will it give you life. ” Therefore...
- 9 ...transubstantiation; therefore etc. 32. The major is plain,...
- 10 ...present to the bread]; therefore etc. 37. Third [to the...
- 11 ...opposite in situation; therefore etc. 75. Again, near and...
- 12 ...where it was before; therefore etc. When therefore he...
- 13 ... therefore the body of Christ will be there in its dimensions and, along with this, in heaven; therefore etc. [...
- 14 ... therefore an angel will be where the bread was. And the angel is not moved from heaven; therefore it is in two places. And it cannot be present there without being in the place there in the way suitable for it, namely definitively; therefore etc....
- 15 ... therefore things that are together with one and the same thing are together with each other. Therefore if the body of Christ were here and also there, then what would be with it here and what would be with it elsewhere would be together. But the consequent is false, for one of them could be at Rome and the other at Paris; therefore etc....
- 16 ... Therefore, without contradiction, the bare substance alone of Christ’s body could come to be here without the species. But it would be a thing sufficient for the sacrament in this way, because it would be a sign of the ultimate effect, namely spiritual nutriment; therefore etc....
- 17 ...to the Eucharist; therefore etc. 229. You will say that the...
- 18 ...in another disparate mode; therefore etc. c. Two Corollaries...
- 19 ...respect coming to them; therefore etc. 248. This can be...
- 20 ...it is present there; therefore etc. 265. Again, of what sort...
- 21 ...that sort it is now; therefore etc. 267. As to the argument...
- 22 ...of color or light; therefore etc. 272. Again, fourth,...
- 23 ... therefore in the pyx it was not continuous but divided simply; therefore it was made non-continuous from being continuous, and consequently it was moved with bodily motion. 299. Second: nutrition relates to substance, therefore the same thing cannot be nourished and not nourished; Christ’s body was nourished in natural existence; therefore it would have been nourished in sacramental existence. But nutrition is a bodily change; therefore etc....
- 24 ... therefore when the host moves, the body of Christ in the host moves; but this motion is bodily, therefore etc. ,...
- 25 ...the host is moved; therefore etc. 301. Fourth as follows: a...
- 26 ... therefore the body of Christ as it is here can receive heat and cold, and consequently it can move bodily with the motion of alteration in the third species of quality [ Categories ]. 302. On the contrary: Physics 5.1.225a31, “Everything that is in motion is located in place;” the body of Christ as it is in the sacrament is not located in place; therefore etc....
- 27 ... Therefore it would always be acting. 350. Again, a man living with mortal life always needs to breathe air in and out; the point is plain, because suffocation, whether in water or in air, always happens because of a deficiency of this sort (as is clear from On Respiration 16.478b15-16). The body of Christ, as above [n.349], lived here with mortal life; therefore it is continually breathing air in and out. But these are actions; therefore etc....
- 28 ... therefore it acts as it is here, because nutrition is only the added generation of a part of the nourished substance, and this added generation can be through the action of the nutritive power either as it is here or as it is elsewhere. 374. Likewise as to the third, about respiration etc. [...
- 29 ... therefore not by any intellect naturally. The proof of this last consequence is that a supernatural makeable can only be made supernaturally by a supernatural cause; therefore, by similarity, a supernatural knowable cannot be known by anyone naturally. 377. Again, the knowledge of faith is simply more eminent than all natural knowledge; but about the existence of Christ’s body in the Eucharist there is faith or the knowledge of faith (as about other articles), according to the article “holy Catholic Church;” therefore etc....
- 30 ...disposed to it; therefore etc. 382. On the contrary: The...
- 31 ... therefore his existence is naturally knowable too. The proof of the first proposition is that no mode of knowing can exceed beyond measure that of which it is the mode. 384. Again, the blessed naturally see the beatific act in another blessed, and yet the blessedness is not less supernatural than the existence of Christ’s body in the Eucharist; therefore etc....
- 32 ...to it afterwards; therefore etc. But our intellect does not...
- 33 ...of bread to be there; therefore etc. At least they could be...
- 34 ... therefore it cannot reach Christ’s body either, since his body is not, as it is here, in any place. 431. A third added reason is that neither can a miracle raise an eye to knowledge of the body, because the eye cannot be raised to knowledge of the existence of a separate substance; but the body of Christ as it is here has the mode of existence of a separate substance; therefore etc....
- 35 ... therefore there is no mutation or change; nor can there be anything other than change, because nothing is permanent or also successive other than motion and change (as time and the like); therefore etc....
- 36 ... therefore transubstantiation is not change, and then, as before, nothing else can be posited; therefore etc....
- 37 ... therefore by similarity in the matter at issue. 52. Second as follows: it is not repugnant to the divine nature to be the term of that action which does not require changeability or possibility or limitation in the term. But transubstantiation is of this sort, because it does not require its term to change nor consequently does it require any possibility in the term; nor does it require anything to be added to its term, and consequently not limitation or composition either; therefore etc....
- 38 ... therefore he is the subject or term of the action, because ‘to be incarnated’ signifies an undergoing that one must indeed place in the subject or the term;” - and further, “to any action there responds its proper passive undergoing; the Three Persons were carrying out the Incarnation by action properly speaking; therefore what responds to it is passive undergoing properly speaking [ Ord . III d.1 nn.74-83]; but this is ‘to be incarnate’, therefore etc. ”...
- 39 ... therefore, that where also an agent finds a passive subject it gives it form there; but the agent generates, and in generating does not change place; therefore it gives being to the passive subject there; and where the passive subject receives form, there it is a composite of passive subject and introduced form; therefore etc....
- 40 ...down [just above here]; therefore etc. And if you say that...
- 41 ...transubstantiation; therefore etc. 101. The proof of the...
- 42 ...of bread is there; therefore etc. 104. The proof of the...
- 43 ... etc. ” and in I Corinthians 10.16 Paul says, “The bread which we break, is it not a communion in the body of Christ? ” Nor is there found anywhere that the Church has solemnly declared this truth, nor even how it could be evidently inferred from anything manifestly believed. Therefore...
- 44 ...disposition for the soul; therefore etc. And there is a...
- 45 ...the form into form; therefore etc. 294. Secondly as follows:...
- 46 ... therefore when the whole of it is the term ‘from which’ and is so wholly, the destruction of it is annihilation. But in the issue at hand the whole of it is the term ‘from which’ of the conversion and is so wholly; therefore etc....
- 47 ...is itself annihilated; therefore etc. The first proposition...
- 48 ... Therefore, the verse in John , where it says “Before the feast day etc. ,”...
- 49 ... therefore, it is impossible for an accident to be without the substance of which it is the accident. 10. Again, it is impossible for a defined thing to be without a definition, and consequently without whatever defines it; but substance defines accident, from Metaphysics 7.3.1028b33-37; therefore etc....
- 50 ...necessary added thing; therefore etc. 13. Again, in the...
- 51 ... therefore by that change, and by the same agent, a composite of subject and accident has the formal being of the accident. But it does not formally have the being of the subject, because that being existed before the change; therefore etc....
- 52 ...nine genera [n.35], therefore etc. - I reply that it is very...
- 53 ... etc. ] as subject. 106. A confirmation of this is that when accidents are in a substance, the substance is the term of the dependence of each accident; but it is only the term as subject; therefore...
- 54 ... etc. 107. Again, no accident is the subject of any accident in the Eucharist; therefore,...
- 55 ... therefore some sense power will be able to be disproportionately greater than any other. The consequent is false; therefore etc....
- 56 ... therefore quality more essentially depends on substance than on quantity. So if a quality can be without actual dependence on a substance, it will be able to be without actual dependence on quantity. 127. Again, existing per se is not more repugnant to an absolute and a more perfect absolute than to a more imperfect absolute; quality is an absolute form, and (according to them [Giles of Rome]) more perfect than quantity; therefore etc....
- 57 ...proper attribute of it; therefore etc. Proof of the major:...
- 58 ... therefore no accident has an order per se to another accident, and consequently this other accident is no more an accident of it than it is of that other. 159. And the text agrees with this way of expounding it, for it does not say ‘an accident is an accident of an accident only because both are accident of the same thing’ but ‘an accident is not an accident of an accident, unless because etc. ’...
- 59 ... therefore when the inhering of an accident is destroyed, its acting is destroyed. 176. And there is a confirmation, that ‘to be in [another]’ belongs to an accident as its proper attribute; but to act on an object belongs to it contingently, as an accident per accidens. 177. Again, ‘to act per se belongs to a supposit’ Metaphysics 1.1.981a16-17 [ Ord . I d.2 nn.378, 285]; an accident cannot be a supposit; therefore etc....
- 60 ...matter in common; therefore etc. 182. Again, in Metaphysics...
- 61 ... Therefore similarly in the issue at hand, these forms [sc. separated accidents] cannot be the principle for producing a composite; but they were able to be the principle for producing a composite when they were in a substance, the way accidents are principles of producing a substance; therefore etc....
- 62 ... therefore, they have power for an action for which they had power before. 185. But it seems that they have power for every action as before, because a form that remains the same in its being has the same virtue, and consequently it can be the principle of the same action; a separated accident remains in itself the same as it was before; therefore etc....
- 63 ...imperfect than substance; therefore etc. 214. It is said in...
- 64 ...an extensive manner; therefore etc. 226. The major is plain,...
- 65 ... therefore, it remains under every degree induced by the motion); but nothing remains under anything incompossible with it; therefore etc....
- 66 ...will be corrupted; therefore etc. 245. To the first [n.243]...
- 67 ... therefore, if another separated quality be superior, it can corrupt any degree of the quality. But when every degree whatever of quality is corrupted, the prior substance does not remain because, without its natural quality, it does not remain; therefore etc....
- 68 ... therefore, it will be prior in corruption. Therefore, it will be naturally corrupted before the substance is, and only by the altering cause as it is altering cause; therefore etc....
- 69 ...acts on the senses; therefore etc. 294. To the contrary,...
- 70 ... therefore, the body of Christ does not remain there, which however is not the position held. 343. Third as follows: “The being of successive things consists in the succession of parts as to prior and posterior; but there cannot be prior and posterior in motion unless there is something that varies as to prior and posterior; therefore etc. ”...
- 71 ... therefore it will not be under it in any way. 378. An argument could also be made through what was adduced against the first conclusion of the aforesaid opinion, through the statements of him who holds the opinion [n.356], that Christ’s body does not remain here under the species of bread longer than the bread that was converted would be of a nature to remain here; but the bread that was converted would not remain here under another quantity if bread is here through quantity; therefore etc....
- 72 ...cause conserving it; therefore etc. 395. Again, quantity in...
- 73 ...idea of co-cause only; therefore etc. ). 407. The manner of...
- 74 ...Principles [ch.1 n.1]; therefore etc. 423. Again, Boethius...
- 75 ...a simple form in this way; therefore etc. 426. Again, if [a...
- 76 ...to be from an accident; therefore etc. 427. On the contrary:...
- 77 ...thing to be nourished; therefore etc. I. To the Question A....
- 78 ...have any such parts; therefore etc. 431. Again, a composite...
- 79 ...by a created agent; therefore etc. 436. This conclusion does...
- 80 ... therefore substance can be generated from them. But this is only possible if substance return, because substance does not come to be from non-substance. 450. Again, it is plain to sense that the consecrated host can be corrupted into fire, or into a living thing generated by way of putrefaction, just as it would be corrupted if the substance of bread were there; and then, as before [n.449], a substance can only be generated if substance return; therefore etc....
- 81 ...respect to quantity; therefore etc. 479. Again, how can a...
- 82 ...than to the motion. Therefore etc. 492. The minor is plain,...
- 83 ...without a subject; therefore etc. He has established, then,...
- 84 ... therefore the Eucharist is not confected by divine power alone. Proof of the antecedent: for no intention is required in anyone with respect to any effect for which he is in no way the agent cause; but the intention of the priest is required for consecration; therefore etc....
- 85 ...through this conversion; therefore etc. - The major, though...
- 86 ... therefore things that can have no order in the intellect can have no order at all. But relatives are simultaneous in nature; therefore etc....
- 87 ...not formally infinite; therefore etc. The proof of the minor...
- 88 ... etc. ’, for since he comprehends the whole within himself, he has being like an infinite and unending sea;” and so Damascene says there that the name ‘He who is’ seems the more principal of the names that are said of God. A confirmation is that the will does not formally include relations in itself; but without these the total intrinsic divine perfection is not present; therefore...
- 89 ... therefore to that of efficient cause, and then substance will be the efficient cause of some property (unless one goes on infinitely putting property before property). 135. The intended conclusion is got in a second way [n.133], because the objection posed against the major confirms it, for God can supply every causality of an extrinsic cause; the causality of subject with respect to property (which is the reason there is necessity there) is the causality of an extrinsic cause; therefore etc....
- 90 ...substantial form; therefore etc. 140. Secondly as follows:...
- 91 ... Therefore, by similarity, he who cannot lose priestly order, cannot lose the right to confect the Eucharist. But no priest can lose priestly power, because the character is indelible, etc....
- 92 ... therefore annihilation must be more than the non-being of bread and the presence of the body here of Christ (as per Scotus’ explanation in n.318). The difference between second and third element added is the difference between using ‘is’ or ‘comes to be’ etc....
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| 5 | Author: | Scotus, John Duns | | | Collection Title: | Scotus: Ordinatio | | | Volume: | Ordinatio. Book 1. Distinctions 1 and 2. | | | Published: | 2022 | | | | Matches:
72 hits | - 1 ... therefore the ultimate end is not the only thing to be enjoyed. 2. Again, by reason: the capacity of the enjoyer is finite because the idea or nature of the subject is finite; therefore the capacity can be satisfied by something finite. But whatever satisfies the capacity of the enjoyer should be enjoyed; therefore etc....
- 2 ... therefore, by similarity of reasoning, the will can assent more firmly to a good other than the first good. 6. To the opposite is Augustine On Christian Doctrine 1 ch.5 n.5: “The things one should enjoy are the Father and the Son and the Holy Spirit, and these three are one thing,” therefore etc....
- 3 ... therefore it is capable of him and can participate him, because according to Augustine On the Trinity XIV ch.8 n.11: “for this reason is the soul the image of God because it is capable of him and can participate him;” but whatever is capable of God can be satisfied by nothing less than God; therefore etc....
- 4 ... therefore we will see God insofar as he is Triune, because vision succeeds to faith according to the complete perfection of faith [ Prologue n.217]; therefore we will enjoy God insofar as he is Triune. 27. To the opposite: In every essential order there is only one first, therefore in the order of ends there is only one end; but enjoyment is in respect of the end; therefore etc....
- 5 ... etc. [n.35], I say that it is necessary that the term of vision be existent as far as it is existent, but it is not necessary that subsistence, i.e. incommunicable essence, belong to the idea of the terminus of vision. But the divine essence is of itself a ‘this’ and actually existent, although it does not of its idea include incommunicable subsistence, and therefore...
- 6 ...33, therefore it is the final thing; therefore etc. 63....
- 7 ... etc. ” All these things are passions - and especially joy, which is delight - or they are at least not acts but things consequent to act; but fruit is what we per se enjoy; therefore...
- 8 ... therefore it cannot will the end by natural necessity, nor, as a result, in any necessary way. Of the assumption, namely that the will wills the end freely, the proof is that the same power wills the end and what is for the end, therefore it has the same mode of acting, because diverse modes of working argue for diverse powers; but the will works freely in respect of what is for the end, therefore etc. -...
- 9 ... therefore the will of necessity assents to the ultimate end in doables. 84. There is a second proof for the same thing, that the will necessarily wills that by participation in which it wills whatever it wills; but by participation in the ultimate end it wills whatever it wills; therefore etc. -...
- 10 ... etc. , “and see the good itself if you can, the good of every good. ” 85. Third, the same thing is proved in this way: the will can only not will a thing that has in it some defect of good or some idea of evil; in the ultimate end apprehended in general there is no defect of good or any idea of evil; therefore...
- 11 ... therefore what is taken in the major is not ‘whatever necessarily acts necessarily removes, if it can, what removes it’ but: ‘whatever is not impeded necessarily acts’, etc. [...
- 12 ... therefore, once it has been removed, there is a necessity of acting, and so absolute necessity. - And then the reply is as before: if there is a simple necessity for acting, therefore there is a simple necessity for doing that without which it cannot act, provided however this is in its power; but here it is; therefore etc....
- 13 ...active principle; therefore etc. 138. Again, either the end...
- 14 ...an act of friendship; therefore etc. 162. On the contrary: “...
- 15 ... therefore they enjoy. 169. On the contrary: “We enjoy things known” [n72; Augustine On the Trinity X ch.10 n.13]; but not all things have cognition; therefore etc....
- 16 ...self-evidently known; therefore etc. 11. Further, that than...
- 17 ...to Anselm Proslogion ch.5; therefore etc. This thing is also...
- 18 ...Psalm 13.1, 52.1; therefore etc. I. To the Second Question...
- 19 ... etc. , and also about any kind of triangle that it has three angles. , although not first. But existence belongs first to this essence as this essence, in the way it is seen by the blessed; therefore...
- 20 ... therefore the supreme being is not a non-being’, from oblique forms in the second mood of the second figure [of syllogism]; the other syllogism is this: ‘what is not a non-being is a being, the supreme thing is not a non-being, therefore etc. ’...
- 21 ... therefore it is altogether un-causable. From this I argue: a thing cannot not be unless there is something positively or privatively incompossible with it that can be; but in the case of that which is from itself and is through and through un-causable there cannot be anything which is positively or privatively incompossible with it; therefore etc....
- 22 ... therefore if it does not act save for an end, this is because it depends on an agent that loves the end; of such a sort is the first efficient cause, therefore etc....
- 23 ... therefore it directs either naturally or by knowing and loving the end. Not naturally, because a non-knower directs nothing save in virtue of a knower; for it belongs first to the wise to order things, Metaphysics 1.2.982a17-18; but the first efficient cause directs in virtue of nothing else, just as neither does it cause in virtue of anything else, - for then it would not be first; therefore etc....
- 24 ... therefore if some second cause moves contingently, the first cause too will move contingently, because the second cause, to the extent it is moved by the first cause, does not cause save in virtue of the first cause. 81. Proof of the second consequence: there is no principle of contingent operation save the will or something concomitant to will, because any other thing acts from the necessity of nature, and so not contingently; therefore etc....
- 25 ... therefore if this act is not the substance of it, its substance will not be best, because its best is some other thing. 93. The second reason [n.91] can be made clear thus: a potency merely receptive is a potency for the contradictory; therefore since it is not of this sort [sc. in potency to the contradictory], therefore etc. -...
- 26 ... therefore the will whose willing is un-causable is also un-causable; therefore etc....
- 27 ... therefore it does not receive its thus moving from another, but it has in its own active virtue its whole effect all at once, because it has it independently. But what has in its virtue an infinite effect all at once is infinite; therefore etc....
- 28 ...if the motion is infinite; therefore etc. 115. Against these...
- 29 ... Therefore the distance is as great as the extreme which is more perfect; that extreme is infinite; therefore etc....
- 30 ... etc. 132. The proof of the minor is that an infinite thing is not repugnant to real being; but the infinite is greater than everything finite. There is another way of arguing for this and it is the same: that to which it is not repugnant to be intensively infinite is not supremely perfect unless it is infinite, because if it is finite it can be exceeded or excelled, because to be infinite is not repugnant to it; to real being infinity is not repugnant; therefore...
- 31 ... therefore they include the same predicate taken proportionally. Therefore as the singular includes the singular predicate so the plural includes the plural. Proof in a second way is that just as God is that than which a greater cannot be thought [n.11], so Gods are that than which greaters cannot be thought; but things than which greaters cannot be thought exist in fact, as it seems, because if they did not exist in fact greaters than them could be thought; therefore etc....
- 32 ... therefore they are reduced to something such by essence; therefore there is some man, some ox by essence, etc....
- 33 ...participation is God; therefore etc. 160. Again, more goods...
- 34 ...posited in the universe; therefore etc. 161. Again, anything...
- 35 ...it is a necessary being; therefore etc. Proof of the major:...
- 36 ... therefore if the idea of ‘necessary existence’ is multipliable in individuals, it does not determine itself to a definite number, but, as far as concerns itself, allows of an infinity. But if there could be infinite necessary beings, there are in fact infinite necessary beings; therefore etc....
- 37 ...and simply the same; therefore etc. The major is plain...
- 38 ...of relative supposits, therefore etc. Question 2. Whether...
- 39 ... therefore an infinite power can do all at once all the things it can do successively; it can do infinite things successively, as is plain, because a finite power can thus do infinite things. 200. The opposite is shown in the last chapter of Matthew 28.19: “In the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit;” and in I John 5.7: “There are three that give testimony in heaven etc. ;”...
- 40 ... therefore ask about production in the divine nature, and first in general, whether the being of being produced can stand in something along with the divine essence; and in the Lectura [ Reportatio I A d.2 n.107] in this way: whether any intrinsic real production whatever is repugnant to the divine essence. I argue no according to the first form of the question, and this is to argue yes according to the second form, because nothing produced is of itself necessary; but whatever subsists in the divine essence is of itself necessary; therefore etc....
- 41 ... therefore everything produced includes in it some possibility; also that every possibility is repugnant to what is necessary of itself; therefore etc....
- 42 ... therefore not generation either. The consequence is plain, because we remove from God whatever there is of imperfection. The proof of the antecedent is that local motion and alteration according to Aristotle, Physics 8.7.260a26-261a20, do not involve as much imperfection as generation, and that is why many perfect beings can be altered and locally moved that cannot be generated [to wit the heavenly bodies]; but no change of place or alteration is conceded to exist in God; therefore etc....
- 43 ...some putrefied body; therefore etc. 214. Second he argues in...
- 44 ... therefore besides the production of will there will be another two productions internally. 217. This is also proved by the Philosopher, Metaphysics 9.2.1046b1-11, where he expressly seems to say that a rational potency is capable of opposites, because science is of opposites. If then the intellect of its nature is indeterminate as to opposites, and nature is determined to one thing, then the intellect will have a different way of being a principle than nature; therefore etc....
- 45 ... therefore one should posit in divine reality diverse supposits of which one is from another, etc....
- 46 ...a supreme nature to something; therefore etc. 250. Others...
- 47 ... therefore the supremely good is supremely communicative; only internally because nothing ‘other’ can be supreme. 251. There is a similar argument about the idea of the perfect, that the perfect is what can produce something like itself, from Metaphysics 1.1.981b7 and Meteorology 4.3.380a12-15; therefore the first agent, which is most perfect, can produce something like itself. But the more perfect is what can produce something univocally like itself than equivocally so, because an equivocal production is imperfect; therefore etc....
- 48 ...to the production; therefore etc. B. About the Sole Non-...
- 49 ... therefore the divine nature too is communicable (for this is plain from the question set down before [nn.353-370]); but the nature is not divisible, from the question about the unity of God [nn.157-190]; therefore it is communicable without division. 382. Again I argue thus: ‘perfection simply’ as far as concerns itself, whatever may be incompossible with it, is better than any supposit absolutely taken according to idea of supposit; the divine nature is not thus better, ex hypothesi ; therefore etc....
- 50 ...this entity and that; therefore etc. 391. If you say that...
- 51 ... therefore he is essence in itself and not in relation to another, and in reality the Father, insofar as he is Father, is said relatively, or he is in relation to another thing or another person; but he is not formally the same entity in himself and not in himself; therefore etc....
- 52 ...the Son is deity, therefore etc. ’, although deity does not...
- 53 ... therefore it is repugnant to ‘necessarily of itself’. - To this... Endmatter Footnotes Rubric by Scotus: “On the object of enjoyment two questions are asked, on the act of enjoying itself two questions are asked, and on the one who enjoys five questions are asked. ” Master Peter Lombard, the author of the Sentences , around which the Ordinatio is organized. Interpolation: “Again, Ambrose [ Ambrosiaster On Galatians ch.5, 22] on the verse of Galatians 5.2223: ‘But the fruit of the Spirit is love, joy,’ etc. ,...
- 54 ... therefore it is fitting to enjoy virtues; but the virtues are not the ultimate end; therefore etc....
- 55 ... therefore it does not complete it by its own virtue but by a foreign virtue. But what completes something by reason of another thing does not bring that something to rest, nor does that something rest save in that other thing; therefore etc. ”...
- 56 ...essence; and therefore it is only essential. Etc. ” The...
- 57 ... therefore one is producible without the other. The consequence is plain. The proof of the antecedent is that it is not repugnant by way of contradiction for the vision of the essence to be created and no vision with respect to the persons or with respect to the creatures in the essence to be created; the proof is that since the essence is an absolute and first and distinct object, different from creature or relation or person ( On the Trinity VII ch.1 n.2: ‘everything that is said relatively is something’, etc. ),...
- 58 ... therefore not wanting is not being saddened. A confirmation is that when the will turns itself back on an act voluntarily elicited it has pleasure in itself, and so a will willing itself freely not to want has pleasure in itself; but a will that turns itself back on being sad does not have pleasure in itself but is displeased; therefore etc...
- 59 ... therefore also of all the intermediates; but the one intermediate necessarily required for the union of those extremes is understanding of the end, therefore etc....
- 60 ...the most perfect object, therefore etc. Again, anything that...
- 61 ... therefore the concepts introduced by the name and by the definition are not the same. ” Interpolation: “just as having three angles [equal to two right angles] is demonstrated of a triangle when there is knowledge of its definition, which is: ‘plain figure’ etc. ”...
- 62 ...own immediate cause, therefore etc. ” Interpolation: “and...
- 63 ...agent is of this sort; therefore etc. The major was already...
- 64 ...not-being, is created; therefore etc. ” Interpolation: “as...
- 65 ... therefore it is not limited’ is to argue from the denial of the antecedent to the denial of the consequent, which is a fallacy. Interpolation: “by its proper terms before it is limited in reference to something else, as in the case of the heavens, therefore. ” Interpolation: “and on account of the second way there were prefaced there [four conclusions etc. ]. ”...
- 66 ...is perfect memory; therefore etc. The major and minor are...
- 67 ...is perfect memory; therefore etc. ” Interpolation: “the...
- 68 ... therefore the fact that it is a perfect principle of producing a generated knowledge corresponding to itself, this belongs to it not from imperfection but from its own natural perfection. ” A further interpolation follows: “ Therefore this too belongs to it most perfectly where memory is most perfect and exists most perfectly; so it is in the uncreated supposit of the Father; therefore etc. ”...
- 69 ...knowledge, etc. [n.233]. ” therefore in the production too,...
- 70 ... therefore either the dispute about the antecedent should be deferred to that point, or here the whole of it should be touched on. Second, it would be done better if this question is moved, ‘Whether productions are precisely distinguished according to the distinction of formal principles of producing’. The solution of this question depends on these questions: ‘Whether essence as essence is formal principle of communicating essence’ (and as to the former ‘That thus’ in the Collations [16], and as to the latter ‘It is objected to the contrary’ etc. [...
- 71 ...to several things; therefore etc. Proof of the minor: ‘...
- 72 ... therefore the idea of supposit is not ‘perfection simply’ in the aforesaid way [in the previous paragraph of this footnote]; but if two distinct ideas of supposit can stand, then so can two distinct supposits, and without division of nature; therefore etc. -...
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| 6 | Author: | Scotus, John Duns | | | Collection Title: | Scotus: Ordinatio | | | Volume: | Ordinatio. Prologue. | | | Published: | 2022 | | | | Matches:
53 hits | - 1 ... therefore our intellect is naturally able to be active about any being whatever, and thus about any intelligible non-being, because the negative term is known through the affirmative term. Therefore, etc....
- 2 ... therefore if it does not fail in the inferior powers as to what is necessary for them to accomplish their acts and attain their end, much more does it not fail in what is necessary for the higher power to attain their act and end. Therefore etc....
- 3 ... Therefore, since an infinite process is impossible, Metaphysics 2.2.994a1-b31, one must stop at the first stage by saying that the intellective power is commensurate with everything knowable and in every way of its being knowable. Therefore, etc....
- 4 ...way related to; therefore, etc. 19. [Instances against the...
- 5 ...are required for health; therefore etc. 28 [Response to the...
- 6 ...knowable to us; therefore etc. Nor do we know their...
- 7 ...have been revealed; therefore etc. 43. Proof of the major:...
- 8 ... therefore it has through that light no power for any action that exceeds that light. But that light is of itself limited to acquiring knowledge in a sensitive way through means of the senses; therefore the soul has no power for any knowledge that cannot be had by means of sense. But knowledge of many other things is necessary for this present life; therefore etc....
- 9 ...they are most common; therefore etc. 86. For this reason I...
- 10 ... therefore these predicates are not known of these subjects through the first principles. 89. An objection against this: ‘affirmation or negation about a thing are also both about the same not-thing’; the consequence follows, ‘ therefore about this white or nonwhite’, in such a way that it is licit to descend there under the predicate and under the subject. I reply that the principle ‘affirmation or negative about a thing’ etc....
- 11 ...to ‘ therefore about this part of this contradiction’ etc. ;...
- 12 ... therefore this side’. Thus it is in other principles; the predicate of a universal affirmative always only stands confusedly, whether there are two distributed terms there in the subject or one. And in the proposed example the proposed case is also plain. Just because it is knowable about man that he is capable of laughter, never can more be inferred by the principle ‘one side of any contradiction’ etc....
- 13 ...the Old Testament ; therefore etc. 96. Again, the more acute...
- 14 ...necessary for salvation; therefore etc. 97. Again, there are...
- 15 ...avoid it sufficiently; therefore etc. 98. To the contrary:...
- 16 ...the first subject; therefore etc. 137. Again, this science...
- 17 ... therefore if this science is of God under some special idea, there will be some other science, prior and more certain, about God taken absolutely; but no such science is posited; therefore etc....
- 18 ...subject of this science; therefore etc. 140. [Augustine] On...
- 19 ...truths except God; therefore etc. - Proof of the minor:...
- 20 ...or the like truths; therefore etc. 152. Secondly thus:...
- 21 ... therefore it is of an object naturally known only to God; but only God is naturally known to himself; therefore etc. -...
- 22 ... Therefore there would be some other intellectual habit nobler than it perfecting that part of reason, which is inappropriate. 156. The third is that, according to Augustine On the Trinity 13 ch.9 n.12 or 14 ch. 1 n.3, this science is about things whereby faith is “generated, defended, and strengthened” [cf. n.140], therefore it is about the object which is the same as the first object of faith; but faith is about the first truth; therefore etc....
- 23 ... therefore nothing theological will belong necessarily to God as he is the subject of theology, which is false. - Proof of the consequence: that which belongs to anything under a reason for inherence that is not necessary does not belong to it necessarily; but every relation to what is extrinsic is of this sort; therefore etc....
- 24 ... therefore such a book is not about God. 180. To the first argument [n.177] I say that the contingent truths asserted of Christ are not contained virtually in any subject in the way a subject is said to contain a property, because then those truths would be necessary; yet they do have a subject of which they are immediately and primarily said, and that subject is the Word, for the theological truths about the incarnation, nativity, passion, etc....
- 25 ... therefore man cannot be the first object of this science; therefore etc....
- 26 ... etc. , “but we will see our whole science in a single intuition;” therefore...
- 27 ... etc. Fifth Part. On Theology insofar as it is a Practical Science Question 1. Whether theology is a practical or a speculative science 217. The question is whether theology is a practical or a speculative science. Proof that it is not practical: Because in John 20.23 it is said: “These things are written that you might believe;” to believe is something speculative, because on it vision follows; therefore...
- 28 ... etc. 218. Besides, practical science is set down as being about the contingent, On the Soul 3.10.433a26-30 and Ethics 1.2.1094b7, 21-22; but the object of this science is not contingent, but necessary; therefore...
- 29 ...science [of theology]; therefore etc. The proof of the first...
- 30 ...circumstance of the end; therefore etc. 252. Against this...
- 31 ... therefore knowledge does not get an aptitude, or the nature that such aptitude is consequent upon, from an end that is apt to cause if it is not actually causing; nor does it actually cause as a final cause unless, being actually loved and desired, it moves the efficient cause to act; therefore etc...
- 32 ... therefore the science of the blessed is not practical, because the blessed cannot err; therefore neither is our science practical, because it is the same as that of the blessed. 273. Again, it can be argued according to how the understanding of this science exists elsewhere: God does not have practical science; but he most of all or alone has this science; therefore etc....
- 33 ...the circumstances of the act; therefore etc. 276. Further,...
- 34 ...precedes the effect; therefore etc. 285. Further, a...
- 35 ... therefore virtue is per se required for right choice; but it would not be required if it were a habit generated from acts posterior to choice, because it would not then incline per se to any acts save those posterior to choice. For this reason the argument proceeds under another form, that a habit is generated by the same acts as those to which it inclines, from Ethics 2.1.1103b21-23; but moral virtue per se inclines to right choice, because, as is clear from its definition in Ethics 2.6.1106b36-7a2, virtue is “a habit of choice” etc. ;...
- 36 ... therefore who love this (that is, the intellect) it will be reasonable for the gods to give reward, as to their friends,” etc....
- 37 ...knowledge and practice; therefore etc. - Proof of the minor:...
- 38 ...being of this sort; therefore etc. Or at any rate it is...
- 39 ... therefore, I reply that since an elicited act of will is most truly action, even if no commanded act accompanies it (as is plain from the first article [nn.230, 232, 234-235]), and since extension of practical knowledge consists in conformity to action and in aptitudinal priority (this is plain from the second article [nn.236-237]), it follows that that knowledge is practical which is aptitudinally conform to right volition and is naturally prior to it; but the whole of theology necessary for a created intellect is thus conform to the act of the created will and prior to it; therefore etc. -...
- 40 ... therefore the principles of theology are practical; therefore the conclusions too are practical. 315. If an objection be made against this from what was said in the preceding question, where it is said that God is not the first subject here as he is the end but as he is this essence [nn.167, 195]; but the principles taken from the end as it is end are practical; therefore etc....
- 41 ...as it were elicited; therefore etc. 328. It seems here that,...
- 42 ... therefore there is no science about contingent things. The antecedent is plain from the definition of ‘to know’ in Posterior Analytics 1.2.71b15-16. 348. Likewise from Ethics 6.2.1139a3-15, the scientific is distinguished from the calculative by reference to the necessary and the contingent [n.226], therefore all the habits of the scientific part are about the necessary; but science is a habit of that part; therefore etc....
- 43 ... therefore, if a habit is formally practical, this is by something intrinsic to it; but this is not the object; therefore etc....
- 44 ... therefore the object is the proximate cause with respect to knowledge and is univocal, although in a diminished way, it follows that the formal distinction of objects, since these cause knowledges insofar as they are distinct, necessarily includes a formal distinction of knowledges. Endmatter Footnotes Interpolation: “Desiring something etc. [...
- 45 ...virtually nor formally, therefore etc. - I say that the...
- 46 ... therefore it is not necessary that knowledge be infused for knowledge of the properties of separate substances. ” Interpolation: “Again, from the motion of the heaven it turns out that the angels are always moving it, nor could the heaven be greater, on account of the labor of the angel doing the moving - so that if one star be added, the angel could not move it etc” [...
- 47 ... therefore the distinction of ‘natural’ and ‘violent’ has its place by comparison with the agent. The minor is plain, because “the violent is that whose principle is extrinsic, with the thing suffering the violence contributing nothing” Ethics 3.3.1110b15-17; but the extrinsic principle is the agent; therefore etc....
- 48 ...within and without; therefore etc. The minor is proved by...
- 49 ...the whole effect; therefore etc. ” The note was cancelled by...
- 50 ... therefore, according to them, it stands and does not stand, so they contradict themselves. - Besides, the science of God can only be single; therefore none can be subalternate. - Besides, science, according to the idea of its cause, depends only on the object or the subject or the light; but the vision of the blessed possesses no idea of cause with respect to the intellect of the wayfarer; therefore etc. -...
- 51 ...science of the blessed; therefore etc. -Besides, he who has...
- 52 ...of these is possible; therefore etc. The major is plain as...
- 53 ... Therefore it is not practical knowledge, but only simply speculative knowledge, since in its own principal act it does not need a directive act. ’ So Henry of Ghent. ‘For this way’ etc. [...
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| 7 | Author: | Scotus, John Duns | | | Collection Title: | Scotus: Ordinatio | | | Volume: | Ordinatio. Book 1. Distinctions 4 to 10. | | | Published: | 2022 | | | | Matches:
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- 1 ... therefore this proposition too ‘God is Father’ etc. has some...
- 2 ... etc. does not have. 11. But for what does ‘God’ supposit, understanding that truth [‘God is Father and Son and Holy Spirit’] to be quasi-formal predication? I reply. To each ‘in which’ there corresponds a proper ‘what’ or ‘who’, and therefore...
- 3 ... therefore the extremes corresponding to them are also the same. 4. Again, by logical arguments: When a predicate is predicated per se of a subject, it can supposit for it, - the thing is plain in superiors and inferiors; essence is predicated per se of the Father, ‘the Father is essence’; therefore etc. -...
- 4 ... therefore the Son insofar as he is generated is essence; therefore essence is generated. 7. To the contrary is the Master in the text. I. To the Question A. Opinion of Abbot Joachim against Peter Lombard 8. On this question Abbott Joachim was in error, whose argument is reported in the Decretals of Gregory IX bk.1 tit.1 ch.2, ‘On the Supreme Trinity and the Catholic Faith’, “We condemn” etc....
- 5 ...is the way to form, therefore etc. ’, - which reason would...
- 6 ... therefore insofar as generated it is something’, taking something for essence, - because of the formal non-identity of the idea of person with essence, etc. [...
- 7 ... therefore if the formal term of this sort of production were relation, this production would be put in the genus of relation, and it would not be generation. 70. Proof of the consequence of the first enthymeme [n.64]: First, because that which is matter in generation is in potency to the formal term, - and what is quasi-matter is quasi in potency; essence is neither truly nor quasi in potency to itself; therefore etc....
- 8 ...the Father be quasi-matter; therefore etc. 87. The major is...
- 9 ... therefore just as he wants by will to have someone of the same form, so he generated by will. 2. From the same authority there is the following argument: in the same manner Richard concedes that ‘willing as it is of the Father’ is related to generating in the way that ‘willing as it is of the Father and Son’ is related to inspiriting; but now the Holy Spirit is inspirited formally by the will ‘as it is of the Father and Son’; therefore etc....
- 10 ... therefore there is nothing involuntary there; therefore the son is generated by will. 5. Again, the Word is love, as is plain, - and it is produced, because according to Hilary On the Trinity IV ch.10: “the Son has nothing save what is born;” the principle of produced love is the will; therefore etc....
- 11 ... therefore to speak is formally to understand something, and it only belongs to the Father as to the Father generating; therefore etc....
- 12 ... therefore they are not formally the same. Proof of the first proposition [the major]: the Father, as to intellect, is formally blessed by intellection, - and, as to will, by volition; but he is only blessed by perfection simply; therefore, etc. -...
- 13 ... therefore, according to him, the intention which was ‘the third’ is not the excitation or inclination through the species; likewise, the ‘third’ is attributed to the will of which he says later that “the will carries the mental vision hither and thither” etc. , -...
- 14 ... etc. [ n.1], - this does not ‘seem’ to Augustine, that the to will of the Father is formally to generate, because he says On the Trinity V ch.14 n.15 that the Holy Spirit proceeds “in some way given, not in some way born,” - that is, by way of will, freely, and not by way of nature; and therefore...
- 15 ... therefore the generation of the Son is not involuntary (which I concede), - but it does not follow further ‘ therefore it is by will as by elicitive principle’: for we make many things -whether with will preceding or with it being concomitant - of which the immediate principle is not will, but nature is in the case of some, necessity in the case of others, and others things of the sort in the case of others, etc....
- 16 ...proper of the Father; therefore etc. - Proof of the minor:...
- 17 ... therefore it is the work of the nature as of the principle of generating. 7. Again, Hilary On the Trinity V ch.37: “From the virtue of the nature the Son by nativity subsists in the same nature. ” 8. Again, the Master [Lombard] in the text: “the Father is not powerful save by nature,” - and he is speaking of the power of generating; therefore etc....
- 18 ...essence, not in property; therefore etc. 10. And there is a...
- 19 ... Therefore the producer and that by which the producer produces pertain to the same genus of principle, and so, if the essence is that by which the Father generates, the essence will have a real relation to the one generated; this is false, therefore etc....
- 20 ...acting and not-acting; therefore etc. 22. Again second thus:...
- 21 ... therefore they would not then be two productions formally distinct by way of nature and of will. 37. Second, because then [sc. if the Father’s power were a relation] the same relation would be the principle of itself, because there is in the Father only a single relation to the Son, and it is the principle ‘by which’ with respect to generation, -which is the same relation, although differently named; therefore etc....
- 22 ...the relation is not; therefore etc. 43. [Instance] - Against...
- 23 ... therefore the major is not true here]. 81. On the contrary. If deity or ‘this God’ creates, therefore it acts by the action that necessarily precedes creating; of this sort is generating. Proof of the first consequence: what is simply first does not require any ‘acting later’ for it to have power for an action proper to itself; ‘this God’ is in some way prior to the relative person; therefore etc....
- 24 ... therefore of a different efficient cause, a prior one; therefore God would not be the first efficient cause, the opposite of which was proved in distinction 2 question 1 [I d.2 nn.43-59]. Proof of the first proposition: the causality of matter and form involves imperfection, but the causality of the efficient and the final cause do not involve imperfection but perfection; every imperfect thing is reduced to a perfect one as to what is essentially prior to it; therefore etc....
- 25 ... therefore he is not capable of any material accident fitting a material thing in the way a quality fits a material thing; therefore he is only capable of those accidents that fit spirits - to wit intellection and will and the corresponding habits - but such things cannot be accidents of such a nature, as was proved in distinction 2 [I d.2 nn.89-110], because its understanding and its willing, and its habit and power etc. ,...
- 26 ...to the idea of infinity; therefore etc. 18. And there is a...
- 27 ... Therefore God, since he is being formally and is not ‘a being in a subject’, therefore he is ‘a being in a non-subject’ - therefore he is substance; but substance as substance is a genus. 41. Further, where there is species there is genus - according to Porphyry [ Book of Predicables ch.3] - because these are relatives; the divine nature is a species with respect to the persons, according to Damascene On the Orthodox Faith ch.48; therefore etc....
- 28 ... therefore there is for them no common univocal term. 46. Again second thus, and it is a confirmation of the previous reason: every common concept is neutral with respect to the things to which it is common; no concept is neutral with respect to contradictories, because it is one or other of them; therefore etc....
- 29 ...in the less perfect); therefore etc. 52. The response of...
- 30 ... etc. , “only the last one I mentioned seems to signify substance, and the rest qualities;” and On the Trinity V ch.8 n.9 he seems to say that action most properly agrees with God. Therefore...
- 31 ...under any accident; therefore etc. This reason holds in this...
- 32 ... therefore any substance that is in a genus can stand under some accident, - God does not so stand, therefore etc....
- 33 ...finite and infinite, therefore etc. 102. The first part of...
- 34 ... etc. I reply. Being is divided first into finite and infinite before it is divided into the ten categories, because one of them, namely ‘finite’, is common to these ten genera; therefore...
- 35 ...clear above [n.107], - therefore etc. V. To the Principal...
- 36 ...not subalternate; therefore etc. 155. Again, transcendent...
- 37 ... therefore this proposition ‘wisdom is truth’ is per se in the first mode, and so there is in no way a distinction between the subject and the predicate, but the subject per se includes the predicate, because this is what belongs to per se in the first mode [ Posterior Analytics 1.4.73a34-37]; therefore etc....
- 38 ...properly attributes); therefore etc. ” 161. “The adherents...
- 39 ...simply ‘better’ [n.22]; therefore etc. Proof of the major: “...
- 40 ...of ideal perfection;” therefore etc. The proof of the minor...
- 41 ...to nothing external; therefore etc. 170. Again, “he [God]...
- 42 ... Therefore, without such respect, it includes in its essence the idea of true and good, and similarly the idea of understanding and understood, of willing and willed, as formally distinct; therefore etc....
- 43 ...extrinsic respect; therefore etc. 172. Against the reasons...
- 44 ...and of the one operating; therefore etc. 184. However the...
- 45 ... etc. The opinion in itself, however, seems to say that they state diverse respects founded in the essence. 185. Because, therefore,...
- 46 ...and goodness likewise; therefore etc. The major is plain,...
- 47 ...a perfection simply; therefore etc. 186. Further, I prove...
- 48 ... etc. ” (and he enumerates there many perfections), “how much more can one God be simple and yet a Trinity, so that the three persons are not parts of one God. ” - He argues there that if in the same thing without composition or division into parts there can be many perfections simply, therefore...
- 49 ...the fact he is God’ etc. Therefore, just as he there denies...
- 50 ... therefore everything other than the end is for it as for the end; but of whatever there is a final cause, there is also an efficient cause; therefore etc....
- 51 ... Therefore if in this he saw no contradiction, why should it be denied of Aristotle, because of the contradiction that you [Henry] posit there [n.233]? 243. Again, the Commentator in On the Substance of the Globe ch.2 says: “The celestial body does not only need a virtue moving it in place, but also a virtue bestowing on it and on its substance eternal permanence, etc. ;”...
- 52 ... therefore no such connection is necessary unless the connection of the first caused thing to its cause is necessary. 2. Reasons against this Intention 263. [Reasons of Henry of Ghent] - Against this conclusion, in which the philosophers commonly agree - that the first cause necessarily and naturally causes the first caused - there is the following argument: the first agent is in no way perfected by anything other than itself; a natural agent is in some way perfected by its production or its product; therefore etc. -...
- 53 ... therefore from the non-existence of any other thing - which non-existence is less impossible - the non-existence of that which is more impossible does not follow. 277. I prove the other assumption, namely that ‘if he had a necessary relation, etc. ’ [...
- 54 ... therefore when the extreme of the relation does not exist, the foundation of the relation does not exist. 278. Against this reason there is an instance, that ‘the principle is destroyed when the conclusion is destroyed’ ( Physics 2.9.200a20-22), and yet the principle seems to be formally of itself necessary; but the conclusion is not necessary save from the principle; therefore etc....
- 55 ... therefore, if it acts necessarily, it necessarily produces in anything at all as much goodness as that receptive thing can receive. But what has as much goodness as it is capable of has no malice; therefore etc....
- 56 ... etc. ’ [n.261], I say that it does then follow that it would cause necessarily, just as from an antecedent that includes incompossibles follows a consequent that includes incompossibles; for in the antecedent that mode ‘naturally’ is repugnant to ‘what it is to cause’, because ‘to cause’ states the production of something diverse in essence, and so of something contingent, but ‘naturally’ states a necessary mode of causing and thus a mode of causing in respect of something necessary; and therefore...
- 57 ... therefore that love is the divine essence. Now the love produced is not of a nature to be an inherent form, because there is nothing such in divine reality; therefore it is per se subsistent, - and not the same subsistent thing as the producer, because nothing produces itself, Augustine On the Trinity I ch.1 n.1; therefore it is distinct in person; this person I call ‘the Holy Spirit’, because the Son (as is plain from d.6 nn.16, 20, 27) is not produced in this way but by act of nature or of intellect, - therefore etc....
- 58 ...communicating of nature; therefore etc. 35. Further, whence...
- 59 ... therefore it has no contingent act, although it contingently passes to some object on which its act does not depend (about this in distinctions 38 and 39). If it be said to the ‘I concede that the reason, etc. ’ [...
- 60 ...he is not sensible; therefore etc. 3. Again, Metaphysics 2:...
- 61 ...is impossibility here; therefore etc. 4. Again, Physics...
- 62 ...God qua God is infinite; therefore etc. 5. Again, Gregory on...
- 63 ... etc. 6. On the contrary. Metaphysics 6: Science or theology is about God; but the science of metaphysics is naturally attainable; therefore....
- 64 ... etc. 17. Further, that they cannot be understood by us does not entail that they cannot be understood by themselves. 18. One must therefore...
- 65 ...is an infinite in act; therefore etc. 21. To Gregory [n.5] I...
- 66 ... therefore is it said in Physics 1 that the more confused things are known first by us. But this ‘known first’ must be understood of distinct knowledge, because we are now beginning from it, as was said [just above]; and what in such knowledge is more distinct is what is last known, as is plain; etc....
- 67 ... therefore are sensible things first known to us, yet they do not have existence first. So it is true that the first being is of itself the first knowable, but it is the first known only to the most perfect intellect, which also knows things in all their degrees, etc....
- 68 ... therefore God, who is being by essence, is the first sufficient object of any intellect whatever, etc....
- 69 ...perfect of all knowables; therefore etc. 4. Further, things...
- 70 ...is the first being; therefore etc. 5. On the contrary. The...
- 71 ...s intellect understands; therefore etc. 6. Further, no power...
- 72 ... etc. 10. Against this is the argument brought against the first argument at the beginning [n.5]. On the supposition, therefore,...
- 73 ... therefore being, which is the subject there, is not univocal but analogical, etc....
- 74 ... etc. 20. These arguments notwithstanding, I bring forward yet another sort of reason in favor of univocity: 21. Whatever things are properly matched together in respect of some third thing are named with one name univocally in respect to it; but substance and accident, created being and uncreated being, are properly matched in respect of being; therefore...
- 75 ... etc. 35. To the second [n.33] I say that, just as was said above, the intellect in this present state only naturally understands what it is naturally moved by; but it is only naturally moved by the object that shines forth in a phantasm along with the agent intellect; and everything such is sensible. And therefore...
- 76 ... Therefore they are known from creatures, and so, before they are seen, a sure knowledge of creatures is attained. To the Question. Henry of Ghent’s Answer 6. The question here is about the knowledge of truth, which is known by the intellect as it combines and divides; the question is not about the first truth or being, but about the idea, etc....
- 77 ... therefore it cannot be the cause of anything unchangeable, but the sound and certain knowledge of any truth about anything is had about it under the idea of changeability; therefore it is not had from such an eternal exemplar. Hence Augustine in 83 Questions q.9 says that sound truth is not to be expected from sensible things, because they are changeable, etc....
- 78 ...above is more changeable than the soul; therefore etc. The...
- 79 ... etc. 10. Further, he who has such eternal truth should have wherewith to discern the true from the untrue or from the seeming true, which the wayfarer does not have (for the created exemplar or species cannot do it). And the proof is that this species either represents itself as it is, and then it is a true understanding, or represents itself as the object, and then it is a false understanding; therefore...
- 80 ... therefore since everyone has sure knowledge of the first principles, and since knowledge of the conclusions depends on knowledge of the principles, it follows that sure knowledge of the conclusion can be known by anyone. And elsewhere Augustine says On the Trinity 15.13, “Far be it that we should doubt to be true and certain the things we have learnt through the senses of the body. ” 17. I now solve Henry’s arguments etc....
- 81 ... Therefore knowledge of beings through such principles is nobler, and such knowledge belongs to theologians. Yet, notwithstanding, Augustine says that sound truth can be had without special illumination, etc....
- 82 ... etc. 13. To the last argument [n.4] I say that there are different ways of representing in creaturely essences, that is, different ways of being a footprint; but because there is a material subject in which many things representing unity and trinity come together, therefore...
- 83 ... etc. But it only moves from essential potency to accidental potency by some real change in it, as is plain of all like cases. Now such real change is nothing but the impression of the species; therefore...
- 84 ... therefore it does not represent the universal; therefore the universal cannot be understood unless one posits an intelligible species that is impressed on the possible intellect; etc....
- 85 ... Therefore it is impossible for the universal, which is the first term of the action of the agent intellect, to be received by impression in the possible intellect in advance of all intellection [sc. in advance of the agent intellect making the universal]; and this is nothing other than that the intelligible species impressed on the possible intellect representatively is first and per se the universal, etc....
- 86 ...on that of the act; therefore etc. 10. Again, the possible...
- 87 ...that is representative of the object; therefore etc. 11....
- 88 ... therefore, that because of these reasons (one on the part of the agent intellect [nn.8-9] and the other on the part of the possible intellect [n.10]) there is an intelligible species impressed on the possible intellect prior in order of nature to all intellection; and indeed the object, as present in the species of the object, is made manifest in this species and receives in it its being known, etc....
- 89 ... therefore, just as the agent intellect is purely active with respect to intellection, so the possible intellect is purely passive, etc....
- 90 ...something purely passive; therefore etc. To the Question 4....
- 91 ... therefore understanding is an act merely of life; so it comes from a principle of life, and consequently it is not from an object but from the power, etc....
- 92 ... therefore, since the possible intellect is perfected by itself, the perfection comes actively from itself; this is said to be Augustine’s meaning On the Trinity 4.5, On Genesis 28 etc....
- 93 ...know; therefore the object contributes some activity, etc....
- 94 ... therefore, if it is sufficient matter in respect of some same intellection and is purely active, then intellection follows even when everything else is removed; and so there will be intellection without an object, which is impossible, etc....
- 95 ... etc. 14. On the contrary: The sensitive soul is the same really as the intellective soul, so the reason they give for the agent intellect’s being unable to cause or do anything in the possible intellect is a reason for its being unable to be in the sensitive soul. Therefore...
- 96 ... therefore an intellect informed by simple knowledge cannot be made active by it for causing a second effect if, in the person, it was purely passive, etc....
- 97 ... therefore the activity of intellection must be immediately from both the object and the power, as was said above etc....
- 98 ... etc. 3. Further, the mind represents one [divine] person in the mind no more than it represents another, as is plain from Augustine On the Trinity 15.7, 14 when he says that the Father is intellective memory - will as also memory - and the Son likewise; therefore...
- 99 ... Therefore, although a thing may be altogether like another thing, yet, because it does not imitate that other thing, it should not be called an image of it. Hence the impression of a foot in the ground is an image truly of the foot but it is a trace or footprint of the whole animal, etc....
- 100 ... etc. 12. On this point note that the first act in respect of volition, as namely the will, does not go together in the image with any of the three [n.10]: not with the third part because the same thing is not the principle of itself; and not with the second part because actual intelligence is not will; and not with the first part because memory is said properly to be the productive principle of generated knowledge; therefore...
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| 8 | Author: | Scotus, John Duns | | | Collection Title: | Scotus: Ordinatio | | | Volume: | Ordinatio. Book 4. Distinctions 14 - 42. | | | Published: | 2022 | | | | Matches:
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- 1 ... therefore it is destroyed at once without penitence. The antecedent is plain, because sin is only a disorder in some interior or exterior act. 5. Second thus: a man who has been offended can remit the offense without the fact of the offender repenting; therefore much more can God, who is supremely merciful; but when the offense is remitted, the sin is dismissed; therefore etc....
- 2 ...than mortal sin is bad; therefore etc. The major is plain,...
- 3 ... therefore, that sins are not covered over by God such that God not see them, but that he not wish to attend to them, that is, to punish them; therefore, that a sinner remains in guilt after the act passes away is only that he is ordained by God’s will for penalty befitting the sin. But an object of intellect or of will has, as it is understood or willed, only a relation of reason; therefore etc....
- 4 ... therefore it is necessary that, before glorification, this obligation to undergo penalty be at some point remitted or deleted. 37. Second I say that sin is not remitted without punishment, or the equivalent in divine acceptation, because God is offended by any sin at all, as Scripture sufficiently proclaims [e.g. Genesis 6.5-12, Matthew 5.19-48, 6.1-7, Mark 7.20-23, Romans 7.23, Galatians 5.19-21, Colossians 3.5-15, etc. ];...
- 5 ...be without penitence; therefore etc. The proof of the first...
- 6 ...punishment may be due; therefore etc. 80. Again, if to be...
- 7 ...sin for object, n.62]; therefore etc. 82. The opposite is...
- 8 ... therefore, that nothing in all these five is per se ‘to avenge’ save the first of them, namely the imperative willing itself (the proof is that for an inferior and a superior avenger, or at least for anyone immediately avenging the same sin under the same idea and the same circumstances of avenging, there can be an act of avenging of the same idea). But to take vengeance on oneself and on another, according to right reason in both cases, cannot uniformly be any of these besides the first; therefore etc....
- 9 ...worthily lovable; therefore etc. The proof of the minor is...
- 10 ... therefore avenging is according to right reason only so that he on whom vengeance is taken be corrected; but this is friendship; therefore etc....
- 11 ...of one disorder; therefore etc. 161. Again, penitence is a...
- 12 ...one equal penalty corresponding to it; therefore etc. 162....
- 13 ... therefore of penitence, which is one virtue, there is one act, namely to inflict penalty, and one object, namely the penalty inflicted. 163. On the contrary: Joel 2.13, “Rend your garments etc. ;”...
- 14 ...the authorities [n.163]; therefore etc. 166. Again, [Ps. ]-...
- 15 ...fruits of penitence;” therefore etc. I. To the Question 167....
- 16 ...be had from Revelation; therefore etc. 174. I reply: in all...
- 17 ...disorder in order; therefore etc. 8. Again, in Revelation...
- 18 ...us; therefore, it is not equivalent; therefore etc. [it does...
- 19 ...be bound to restore it; therefore etc. 67. Again, this could...
- 20 ...restitution contained; therefore etc. 68. Again, no one is...
- 21 ... therefore it is not to be done when it leads to his loss, nor either when it would lead to loss for the republic; but a sword returned to someone mad would be to the loss of him to whom it is restored, because he would use it badly, and also to loss for the republic, because it would harm the peace of the city; therefore etc....
- 22 ...the heredity to him; therefore etc. The proof of the minor...
- 23 ...it to that other; therefore etc. 75. On the contrary:...
- 24 ... etc. ,” and in the New from Luke 6.35, “Lend without expecting anything in return. ” 164. And if argument is made against this that it is licit for anyone to keep himself from loss in contracts, as was said before [nn.129-132], because the seller can sell for a dearer price, paying attention to his loss in selling, especially if he be induced by the one to whom he sells; therefore,...
- 25 ...sometimes impossible; therefore etc. The minor is plain, for...
- 26 ... therefore, by one’s own will alone can one thus suffer loss. 22. But someone can inflict loss on another in these things indirectly, by inducing him to sin and to vicious acts, by which virtues are corrupted and vices and sins generated. And this inducing can be multiple, namely by counsel, persuasion, request etc....
- 27 ... therefore a simple remedy can answer to it; penitence is such a remedy; therefore etc....
- 28 ...is to be penitent; therefore etc. Nor subjective parts,...
- 29 ...perfectly preserved; therefore etc. 5. Again, if they were...
- 30 ... therefore, it is not part of the sacrament. 6. Again, no part is posterior in order of nature to its whole; but satisfaction follows penitence in natural order; therefore etc....
- 31 ...they are parts of it; therefore etc. I. To the Question A....
- 32 ...begins to be a friend; therefore etc. 37. On the contrary:...
- 33 ...not anything positive; therefore etc. 38. Again, if this and...
- 34 ...can there be posited; therefore etc. The proof of the minor...
- 35 ... Therefore, it could, by effecting or failing to effect, have power over the nonbeing of grace, which is false, because grace is not destroyed unless it be annihilated, and a creature is not able to annihilate anything. The first proposition [here supra ] is therefore plain, namely that ‘there is no formal repugnance between guilt and grace’. But there is no single change from a thing as from the term ‘from which’ to another thing as to the term ‘to which’ unless they are formally repugnant; therefore etc....
- 36 ...is not a real change; therefore etc. 46. The major of this...
- 37 ...it is such a passage; therefore etc. - The major is plain...
- 38 ... therefore this known thing is true; after remission the divine intellect knows he is not to be punished; therefore this too is true; therefore there is a passage; therefore etc....
- 39 ...without a change; therefore etc. - I reply: In eternity this...
- 40 ...by guilt one is an enemy; therefore etc. 89. But this is not...
- 41 ... Therefore, if confession were necessary simply for salvation, it would be contained under one of the ten precepts of the Decalogue; but this is false; for the precepts belong to the law of nature, and were at least binding in the time of the Mosaic Law, but neither in the law of nature nor in the Mosaic Law was there an obligation to confess sin to a man; therefore etc....
- 42 ...at least mortally; therefore etc. 12. To the contrary: James...
- 43 ... etc. ” a. Solution of Others and the Weighing of It 45. From this passage is argument made: In one way as follows [Hugh of St. Victor, Alexander of Hales, William of Auvergne]: there is given here to the Apostles, and in them to all priests, power to remit sins; not principally, because this is proper to God, therefore...
- 44 ... Therefore, this statement too “whose sins you remit, they are remitted” was not precise. Hence to neither affirmative is the negative adjoined that denotes that the remission or retention done by the Apostles is precise with respect to the retention or remission done by God. 47. Although this sort of response [n.46] seem very probable, if from the statement of John “Whose sins you remit etc. ”...
- 45 ... Therefore I argue in another way as follows: whoever has lost the first grace is bound by necessity of precept, and this the precept ‘You shall love the Lord your God etc. ’ [...
- 46 ... Therefore, from that by which this way gets its efficacy, from the precept both of love of God and of neighbor and oneself, one is bound to this way. 50. This reason, if it prove that the precept of confession is got from the Gospel from the statement ‘Whose sins you remit etc. ’...
- 47 ... etc. ” At any rate, it includes, I say, those aggravating circumstances and those necessarily in need of being confessed that are prohibited by a special prohibition, as that to take what is another’s is illicit and prohibited. But by a special prohibition is it prohibited to take from a holy place, and therefore...
- 48 ...they are remitted etc. ” Therefore the power of the keys of...
- 49 ... therefore it precisely does not extend itself to temporal penalty; therefore etc....
- 50 ...than temporal penalty; therefore etc. The major is plain,...
- 51 ... Therefore, if use of the keys has regard to anything in this matter, it will only be temporal penalty. Question Two. Whether the Keys of the Kingdom of Heaven are Conferred on Every Priest in the Reception of Orders 8. “After it has been shown etc. ” [...
- 52 ... therefore no one has the key for opening heaven to anyone save to his subordinate; but by reception of priesthood he is not given a subordinate nor jurisdiction over subordinates; therefore not the keys either. 14. Again, if the keys are given, they cannot be held by a non- priest. The consequent is false because an archdeacon, who does not have to be a priest, can bind, absolve, excommunicate, and reconcile, as is plain from Gregory IX, Decretals I tit.23 chs.1-10; therefore etc....
- 53 ... etc. ;” and in John 20.23 the promise is fulfilled when Christ says, “Whose sins you remit etc. ” 16. Again, he to whom what is greater is given is not as a rule denied what is lesser; but the greatest power possible given to a wayfarer is the power of confecting the body of Christ [in the Eucharist], and this is conferred in the reception of the priesthood; therefore...
- 54 ...included in the keys; therefore etc. The proof of the minor...
- 55 ... etc. ” Hence it seems that any priest receives the power of confecting first in time before the power of absolving; therefore...
- 56 ... etc. ” 50. And according to this would be plain what would be said to the second question [n.48], that each power is a certain character but that these two make integral the total order of the priesthood. But there would, according to this, also seem to be two characters corresponding to the two keys, or they would be the two keys. 51. If therefore...
- 57 ... therefore, are speaking of those justified in the first way, but they do not thereby exclude justification in the second way, as is plain by likeness with baptism in the second way. Twentieth Distinction Single Question. Whether Penitence in Extremities Avails for Salvation 1. “It is necessary to know also etc. ” [...
- 58 ...death is like this; therefore etc. There is confirmation...
- 59 ...according to Augustine); therefore etc. 6. Again, nothing is...
- 60 ...in the end save him? Therefore etc. 7. Again, mortal sin is...
- 61 ... therefore he who dies in grace will be saved at once, and consequently will pay no penalty after this life. 9. On the contrary: Augustine [Ps. -Augustine On True etc....
- 62 ... etc. ” [Lombard, Sent . IV d.21 ch.1 n.1]. 2. About this twenty first distinction I first ask this question, whether any sin can be dismissed after this life. 3. That it cannot: Because no one dying just can afterwards sin; therefore...
- 63 ...according to everyone); therefore etc. 22. Proof of the...
- 64 ... therefore, since it is a confessing penitent’s right to hide his sin, it is licit for him to renounce this right by giving his confessor permission not to be bound to hide it. 57. Again, Bernard On Precept and Dispensation ch.2 n.5, “What was instituted for charity should not militate against charity. ” But the hiding of a confessed sin might in some case militate against charity; therefore etc....
- 65 ... therefore in this and the like deeds it is licit to reveal a confession [Richard of Middleton, Sent . IV d.21 princ. 4 q.2 arg.5]. 59. Again, a priest has absolved in fact a simoniac bishop whom he cannot by right absolve; this priest is bound to confess this sin specifically and with that circumstance, because it is a mortal sin and these circumstances make the sin worse; but by thus confessing he reveals the sin of this simoniac bishop; therefore etc....
- 66 ... etc. ’, ’,Exodus 20.2, which he would have truly denied speaking in his own person). Therefore,...
- 67 ... Therefore, when saying outside the forum that he had heard or knows those things, he is lying, because they only came to his knowledge insofar he was representing the person of God. But to avoid a lie belongs to the right of nature, and especially a pernicious lie; therefore etc. ”...
- 68 ... therefore love also the hiding of his confessed sin; and consequently the confessor should love and want the same thing for him who has confessed. But revelation [of his confessed sin] would take from him his reputation. Therefore etc....
- 69 ...be committed to him; therefore etc. This reason can be taken...
- 70 ... etc. ,” supply: sins remitted receive final approval in divine judgment. Therefore,...
- 71 ...the public forum; therefore etc. 89. Third as follows: he...
- 72 ...and the other punished; therefore etc. 3. About the Third...
- 73 ... therefore in the same way a sin, which is a sort of spiritual shadow in the mind, can return the same in number. 7. To the contrary: Something successive does not return the same in number; sin is of this sort; therefore etc....
- 74 ...of what is willed; therefore etc. 3. Scotus’ own Response...
- 75 ... etc. ” [ Expositions of Psalms ps.31 exposition 2 n.9], they are seen no more for vengeance and, according to Nahum 1.9, “God will not pass judgment on it twice. ” And therefore,...
- 76 ...respect to first grace); therefore etc. 32. To the first [...
- 77 ...than he sins now; therefore etc. [sc. therefore a penitent...
- 78 ... therefore it is possible to sin with a single sin only; but by that one sin one could, by falling before from innocence, have sinned as equally gravely - as is plain by comparing it to any intensity of malice that belongs to sin; therefore etc....
- 79 ... therefore that the privilege is proper to the ordained is false. Twenty Fifth Distinction Question One. Whether Canonical Penalty Impedes Reception and Conferring of Orders 1. “It is wont to be asked if heretics etc. ” [...
- 80 ...of orders cannot either; therefore etc. 68. To the opposite:...
- 81 ...save by propagation; therefore etc. 14. So therefore does it...
- 82 ... therefore Christ adds that God has united (supply: male and female) in a matrimonial union by the precept by which he pronounced it through the mouth of Adam, “a man shall cleave to his wife etc. ”...
- 83 ...I Corinthians 7.1-8; therefore etc. I. To the Question 13....
- 84 ...cannot be separated; therefore etc. There is confirmation...
- 85 ...words about the future; therefore etc. Proof of the minor,...
- 86 ... therefore if evil either of sin or pain threatens this woman (evil of sin, as when she says, asserting firmly, that she would at once prostitute herself unless she be conducted into matrimony; evil of pain, as if she for certain say that she will kill herself, or another says he will kill her, unless she be conducted into matrimony), then the man, so as to avoid all these evils, accepts her. It seems that this is a contract of matrimony, and yet here there is fear; therefore etc....
- 87 ... etc. ;” and about the blessing of Jacob he added, “And I have blessed him, and he will be blessed,” where, consequentially and in accordance with the text, Isaac is understood to have been rapt in that ecstasy wherein he saw that Jacob justly and according to the will of God had to be blessed, and therefore...
- 88 ... therefore, to carnal union, because matrimony seems to add nothing else over and above cohabitation; but the Blessed Virgin could not have consented to that union, because she had vowed virginity. 36. To the opposite is the Master in the text [Lombard, Sent. IV d.30 ch.2 n.1], and it is taken from Matthew 1.18, “Since she was betrothed etc. ”...
- 89 ... etc. ” [Lombard, Sent . IV d.32 ch.2 n.1]. 2. About the thirty second distinction I ask whether in matrimony it is simply necessary to render the conjugal debt to the other when asked. 3. That it is not: No one is obligated simply to mortal sin; but to render that debt is mortal sin. Proof: First because to deprive oneself of virtue is a mortal sin; therefore,...
- 90 ... therefore to render the debt is illicit. The confirmation of this is that, if there were no contract of matrimony, such an act would be a mortal sin; but no one can license himself to such act, nor consequently will something be licit for him by his own proper act that was not licit before; but a contract of matrimony is an act of those who contract matrimony; therefore etc....
- 91 ... therefore a healthy person should not render the debt to someone leprous, because this would be both against the good of the offspring, which would be born leprous, and against one’s own well-being, which could incur leprosy from such an act, the opposite of which is contained in Gregory IX, Decretals IV tit.8 ch.1, where is written: “We thus far command that wives follow their husbands, and husbands their wives, who incur the disease of leprosy, and minister to them with conjugal affection, and that you [sc. canon lawyer etc. ]...
- 92 ...illicit in such union; therefore etc. 7. Again, in favor of...
- 93 ... therefore where he contradicts Augustine, by the Church is Augustine held to. Or Jerome can be glossed: ‘is not held against him etc. ’...
- 94 ...19.6, “What therefore God has joined etc. ” Thirty Fourth...
- 95 ... Therefore, does the Apostle say [ Galatians 4.31-5.1, 12-13, Romans 6.22], “You have become free; do not be subject to slavery etc. ”...
- 96 ...power simply over his body; therefore etc. 34. And from this...
- 97 ... therefore if he comes voluntarily, he voluntarily incurs this unsuitability. 22. Hence from the fact that the Church prescribes continence to him when the bishop asks in the conferring of Orders “if chaste and pure etc. ” [...
- 98 ...his sister, because a daughter of Adam; therefore etc. 4....
- 99 ... therefore it confers strength on a marriage; but those of the same blood are attached to each other with a more special friendship than with others; therefore etc....
- 100 ...running through them; therefore etc. 6. To the opposite: In...
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| 9 | Author: | Scotus, John Duns | | | Collection Title: | Scotus: Ordinatio | | | Volume: | Ordinatio. Book 4. Distinctions 1 - 7 | | | Published: | 2022 | | | | Matches:
73 hits | - 1 ... Therefore anything lower than the highest creature can be produced by some second agent. But there is some such lower thing, which can only be produced by creation. Therefore etc....
- 2 ...distance from Athens etc. ”; therefore an equal virtue has...
- 3 ...formally a friend of God; therefore etc. 10. Again, a second...
- 4 ...an infinite distance; therefore etc. 20. Proof of the major:...
- 5 ...is to be taken away; therefore etc. 30. Proof of the major:...
- 6 ...however imperfect; therefore etc. But if in the major and...
- 7 ... Therefore, since body can produce body, much more can intelligence produce intelligence. But an intelligence can only be produced by creation, since it does not have matter as part of itself. Therefore etc....
- 8 ... Therefore the comparative understanding necessarily requires a greater perfection in the formal principle of understanding than pure understanding does. But the effect does not necessarily require a greater perfection in the cause unless there is a greater perfection in the effect (at least in effects of the same idea); therefore etc....
- 9 ...of passive generation; therefore etc. 133. It will be said...
- 10 ...matter or potential; therefore etc. 138. Proof of the major,...
- 11 ... etc. ,’ [n.207], is an account of the name ‘sacrament’ as assumed above from the use of those who speak of sacraments [n.195]; and a sacrament can have a definition in the way that beings of reason are defined. Therefore...
- 12 ...be instituted by God; therefore etc. There is a confirmation...
- 13 ... therefore this water cleanses the heart. But the heart, that is the soul, is not cleansed save by grace or by the cause of grace; therefore etc....
- 14 ...soul, and a perfect one; therefore etc. 272. Again, nothing...
- 15 ...or a form or figure; therefore etc. 274. Again, diverse...
- 16 ...there is one virtue; therefore etc. 275. Again, every...
- 17 ...a term of creation; therefore etc. 286. Proof of the minor:...
- 18 ...the last syllable; therefore etc. b. Second Argument 291....
- 19 ...compel this plurality. Therefore etc. 301. The examples that...
- 20 ...the matter at issue; therefore etc. IV. Scotus’ Opinion as...
- 21 ...from whole is there; therefore etc. 341. On the contrary:...
- 22 ...grace was there conferred; therefore etc. 342. Again, Bede...
- 23 ...guilt I call ‘grace’; therefore etc. 348. The second reason:...
- 24 ...of the opposite habit; therefore etc. And this is what...
- 25 ... Therefore guilt cannot be dismissed unless its disordering is taken away. But it is only taken away by grace; therefore etc....
- 26 ... therefore the sinner is reconciled to God, and is consequently accepted by God; but he is not accepted without grace; therefore etc....
- 27 ... therefore separable or inseparable from anything. But a form in a subject does not include in itself the being of another nature from the fact that its opposite has preceded it in that subject (as is plain of cold and heat in water). Therefore, a form is not otherwise inseparable from anything by the fact that its opposite has preceded it in that subject. But natural rectitude, though it had not preceded its opposite, could be separated from grace according to you; therefore etc. [...
- 28 ...natural rectitude; therefore etc. The proof of the major is...
- 29 ... therefore neither does it make it not to be capable of the same things as it was capable of before. But a divine agent can impress on nature whatever it is capable of, and that without anything that is not included in the idea of what is impressed upon, and especially if this was not included in it before the form was impressed; but grace is of this sort with respect to justice or natural rectitude; therefore etc....
- 30 ...efficacy from that wound; therefore etc. The proof of the...
- 31 ... Therefore, it belonged to man in the state of this Law to be made thus ready by the most perfect aids to grace, of which sort are the most perfect sacraments; therefore etc....
- 32 ... therefore it was fitting that, through the passion of Christ made present and confirming the New Law, the greatest aids to grace are conferred on man in the time of the observance of the New Law; therefore etc....
- 33 ... etc. ” But this does not seem likely because of the way the text proceeds, “pray for one another etc. ;” and it is clear that in these following words he was not intending to institute or promulgate any sacrament; nor even did James have the authority to institute a sacrament (as will be touched on in the argument to be set down for this conclusion [n.26]). It is better, therefore,...
- 34 ... etc. ” But although this sacrament was promulgated there, it is better to say it was instituted by Christ; for we read in Mark 6.13 that the Apostles anointed many sick with oil who were cured, and it is clear that they did this only in virtue of Christ, who had instituted that powerful anointing. 24. Matrimony is plain in Matthew 19.4-5, “Have you not read,” says Christ, “that male and female he made them,” and he said [through the mouth of Adam, Genesis 2.24], “ therefore...
- 35 ...an act proper to himself; therefore etc. C. Solution of the...
- 36 ... therefore, when upholding the Master’s definition [n.6], that cleansing would not be a part of the foundation that baptism includes, but is the whole foundation, though a remote one, and between this and the relation of sign there are certain mediating relations of reason, as was said [n.24; d.1 n.198]. 28. And if it be objected that cleansing cannot be described in either way [nn.25, 27] because it formally imports a relation of reason, and a relation of reason is not any real thing or things; therefore etc. -...
- 37 ...is taken from him; therefore etc. 32. Third, if the above...
- 38 ...followed in the two last; therefore etc. 34. Again, there is...
- 39 ... therefore to say ‘in the name of the Begetter and the Begotten’ would have equally the same force as to say ‘in the name of the Father and of the Son etc. ’...
- 40 ... therefore the words would have equal force if they were transposed; therefore the form given above is not a precise one. 40. On the contrary: Gregory IX Decretals III tit. 42 ch.1, “If anyone has immersed a child three times in water ‘in the name of the Father etc. ’...
- 41 ... etc. ’ was promulgated by Christ, Matthew 28.19. So for the time Christ has not revoked the same, no one else can revoke it. But although Christ made dispensation from that law in the time of the primitive Church (because then there was a reason for dispensation, so that the name of Christ might be made public), yet he made no dispensation when that reason ceased. Therefore,...
- 42 ... therefore artificial water is not something mixed; therefore it is an element, and no element but water; therefore etc....
- 43 ...but it was then not pure water; therefore etc. 96. On the...
- 44 ... etc. ” 97. Again, through reason: “Let alchemical artisans know that species cannot be mutated by art,” Meteorology 4.12.390b9-14. Therefore,...
- 45 ...did not have the authority to revoke it. Therefore etc. 131....
- 46 ...a man be born again etc. ;” therefore baptism after its...
- 47 ...them, as we experience; therefore etc. 25. Again to the main...
- 48 ... therefore, grace is not given to him in baptism. I. To the Question 26. On the contrary: Augustine says in his Enchiridion ch.13 n.43, “From a child recently born up to one decrepit [with age], just as none is held back from baptism, so there is none who does not die to sin in baptism;” but no one dies to sin unless he receives grace; therefore etc....
- 49 ... therefore not spiritual marriage either, because spiritual consent there is required not less but more; now in baptism a spiritual marriage is as it were contracted, because then the soul is espoused to God; therefore etc....
- 50 ...or binds himself to God; therefore etc. 59. Again, his own...
- 51 ...conformed to Christ; therefore etc. 88. Again, if someone...
- 52 ... etc. ” And of this man is understood the verse from Wisdom 1.5, “The Holy Spirit flees from him who feigns discipline. ” ”97. And if the objection is made that therefore...
- 53 ... therefore, much more does an inequality of receivers not do so; and consequently there is no cause for inequality in this effect of baptism. 140. On the contrary: “The acts of active things are in what undergoes and is disposed,” On the Soul 2.2.414a11-12; therefore, an effect is received more perfectly in what is more disposed; therefore etc....
- 54 ...disposed than a child is; therefore etc. 160. But let it be...
- 55 ...life of the Church; therefore etc. 11. Again, in order for...
- 56 ... Therefore, much more is some sanctity or supernatural virtue required in the minister in order that he may baptize; for baptism depends more on the disposition of the minister than on any virtue of the water; therefore etc....
- 57 ... therefore this opinion ‘that a heretic baptizes’ is not a truth belonging to any sacrament. But nothing is to be asserted as certain and necessary for the sacrament which is not something true belonging necessarily to the sacrament; therefore etc....
- 58 ...wherein he sins mortally; therefore etc. 35. Again, let it...
- 59 ...sins are discharged; therefore etc. 13. To the contrary:...
- 60 ... therefore, several people can baptize the same person. The consequence is plain from the likeness. The proof of the antecedent is, first, that it is possible to pour water on two people at the same time, saying “I baptize you (plural) etc. ;”...
- 61 ...save as an instrument; therefore etc. 92. Again, the word...
- 62 ...the essence of baptism; therefore etc. 93. Again, an infidel...
- 63 ...believe can be done; therefore etc. 94. Again, a drunkard...
- 64 ...is an instrument of God; therefore etc. 114. Again, for a...
- 65 ...excellent sacrament; therefore etc. 156. To the contrary:...
- 66 ... therefore, it impresses some indelible effect, because if every effect of it could be destroyed, baptism could be repeated; but it has no indelible effect save character; therefore etc....
- 67 ... Therefore, in no way does he mean to say that through baptism a seal is made for us, but that by baptism we take up ‘the first fruits of the Holy Spirit’ in the first verse, and in another clause that ‘regeneration is the beginning of life and a sign etc. ’...
- 68 ...have any proper operation, therefore etc. 282. Besides, any...
- 69 ...is simply indelible; therefore etc. 283. To the opposite: A...
- 70 ...sacred acts in the Church; therefore etc. 289. Fourth thus [...
- 71 ... therefore is it said in general ‘by a suitable minister’. On the part of the minister is required simultaneity in doing both acts, namely the act of anointing and of speaking the form, and due intention - all which things must be understood in the way expounded of the minister in baptism, in distinction 6 [nn.26-153]. 12. The words that are added ‘efficaciously signifying etc. ’...
- 72 ... etc. ’ and elsewhere [ Acts 20.17, 28] ‘[Paul] to the elders: He who placed you bishops to rule his Church’. ” These the words of Jerome. 38 Paul does not distinguish, therefore,...
- 73 ...this one does not; therefore etc. I. To the Question 56. I...
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| 10 | Author: | Scotus, John Duns | | | Collection Title: | Scotus: Ordinatio | | | Volume: | Ordinatio. Book 3. Distinctions 26 - 40. | | | Published: | 2022 | | | | Matches:
47 hits | - 1 ...29); but hope is a passion; therefore etc. 3. Again, no...
- 2 ... therefore it is not a theological virtue. The proof of the major is that, wherever there is a mean between two vices, excess and defect can exist there; but there can be no excess in tending toward God, as is plain in the other theological virtues; for a man cannot believe God too much nor love him too much. The proof of the minor is that hope determines a mean between presumption and despair as between two vices; therefore etc....
- 3 ... therefore much more is it possible, through acquired hope, to hope in the promise of God, who is most truthful. 5. Further, two things that are perfectible with respect to numerically one object are sufficiently perfected by two perfections; but in the soul there are only two powers perfectible with respect to the uncreated object, namely intellect and will; therefore etc....
- 4 ... therefore three perfective habits are needed with respect to these three parts - the objection against this is that two parts of the image belong to the intellect and only one to the will; therefore if three habits, according to this distinction, were required, two theological habits would be posited in the intellect and one in the will; but this is manifestly false, because hope is by some not set down as being an intellectual virtue or habit. 7. To the opposite: I Corinthians 13.13, “Now remain faith, hope, charity; these three etc. ”...
- 5 ...be loved by charity; therefore etc. a a. a [ Interpolation ]...
- 6 ...but belief or faith. Therefore etc. 2. What should be Said...
- 7 ... therefore the irascible is not required in it. 64. I reply: the concupiscible - however perfect it is - can withdraw from the hurtful, and it would not rise up against but only flee the hurtful; to flee is not to repel; therefore etc....
- 8 ...and being irate); therefore etc. 81. Proof of the minor [...
- 9 ... therefore the prior stands with the opposite of the posterior [n.81]. 84. This argument [nn.80-83] could be common to many things. Therefore I reply to the major, ‘that is not formally a power for any action with which, when possessed, etc. [...
- 10 ... therefore a willing that tends to him under this idea has, on this point, its due circumstance. 92. Also the addition ‘to be good for us’ is a circumstance due to you, because the good is fitting for the one for whom it is desired as good; but no good sufficiently quietens the desirer save an infinite one. 93. The addition ‘by God conferring etc. ’...
- 11 ... etc. ’ notes fitting disposition on the part of that by which the good is reached, because it notes a disposition that is fitting according to the way God orders the pursuing of the good; for divine wisdom has made disposition not to communicate itself perfectly to anyone save to one who is accepted beforehand for virtue. 95. Therefore...
- 12 ... therefore presence and absence do not vary the formality of the object. 99. There is also confirmation of this, that such absence or presence exists only as mediated through an act of intellect; for what is intuitively seen is present to the will as lovable, and what is seen as in a mirror is present to it as desirable; but the diverse way of an object’s being present to some power does not vary the formal idea of the object; therefore etc....
- 13 ... therefore charity simply inclines one to loving with love of friendship. But ‘to desire the infinite Good to be my good’ is not an act of friendship, nor is it the most noble act, because that object (the infinite Good) has a nobler being in itself than is the comparison of it to anything other than itself; therefore to desire something else, which is the first conclusion, is not the noblest theological act; therefore etc....
- 14 ...then, and does not hope; therefore etc. 113. Besides, I can...
- 15 ... etc. Solution: to desire God to be my good, from him as bestowing it on me for my merits, is a good act; therefore...
- 16 ... therefore no theological virtue is needed for this purpose. 7. Proof of the antecedent: First because if it is possible to love from habit it is possible to love without a habit, for a habit does not bestow the simple possibility since then it would be the power. 8. Second [n.7] because it is possible by natural power to enjoy a thing and not necessarily in an inordinate way; but there is no ordered enjoyment about anything save God; therefore etc....
- 17 ... therefore charity cannot be in someone who has such a habit, because if so two habits of the same species would exist in the same person, which seems unacceptable. 10. The antecedent is plain because if (from the preceding argument [nn.6-8]) it is possible to love God above all things by one’s natural powers, then it is possible to love frequently thus; loving God above all things generates this sort of habit; therefore etc....
- 18 ...same species as I am); therefore etc. 12. The contrary is...
- 19 ...adduced for this point; therefore etc. 27. Against the third...
- 20 ... therefore a right one; and no act could be right save by loving God above all things; therefore etc....
- 21 ... therefore that the precept as to extension and as to intension can, according to the present way [n.53], be fulfilled by the wayfarer - but not as to all the conditions that are expressed by the additions ‘with your whole heart and your whole mind etc. ’...
- 22 ...neighbor are different; therefore etc. 3. Again, the habit...
- 23 ...charity is the end; therefore etc. 7. To the opposite is the...
- 24 ... therefore, after love of God he immediately loves himself from charity. 6. There is also a confirmation, that when one weighs, after the infinite Good (in which is the most perfect idea of goodness), all the ideas of goodness and unity that are ideas of what is lovable, there arises within oneself another very great idea, namely the idea of unity that is perfect identity. For anyone is naturally inclined to love himself after the infinite Good; a natural inclination is always correct; therefore etc....
- 25 ... Therefore Jesus seems to have laid down that he alone is to be considered a neighbor who shows pity. An enemy does not show pity; therefore etc....
- 26 ...about loving one’s enemy; therefore etc. 4. Further, on Luke...
- 27 ...the works of perfection; therefore etc. 5. Augustine too is...
- 28 ... therefore the command [to hate your enemies] remains in the New Law. 7. Again, Aristotle in Topics 2.8.113b27-30, “Contrary consequences hold of contraries. ” Therefore if a friend is to be loved then an enemy is to be hated; these are contraries said of contraries; therefore etc....
- 29 ...about the same object; therefore etc. 5. Further, Augustine...
- 30 ... therefore that the power is imperfect; God’s will is in itself most perfect; therefore etc....
- 31 ...and irrational things cannot; therefore etc. 4. Further, God...
- 32 ...the other opposite, therefore etc. ’ I reply that when the...
- 33 ... etc. 6. Further, fifth: an act of despising all things for the sake of God is hard, and consonant with right reason. a So there can be a virtue inclining to that act. A pauper, therefore,...
- 34 ... therefore it was not true virtue. The proof of the minor is that one virtue does not strengthen the will as regard other desirable things that it does not concern. Therefore, if the will only has this virtue, it can fall away as regard other desirable things that are presented to it. But by falling away as to these other things it can fall away as to the object of this virtue too; therefore etc....
- 35 ...man in political community. Therefore etc. 20. There is a...
- 36 ...of some other virtue. Therefore etc. 27. [Second argument] -...
- 37 ...God without remorse; therefore etc. b. Scotus’ own Opinion...
- 38 ...of the decalogue. Therefore etc. 3. Proof of the major:...
- 39 ...yourself. ” Therefore in this precept ‘you shall love etc. ’...
- 40 ...God is to be loved’. Therefore etc. So, from first to last,...
- 41 ... Therefore it follows that if God is to be loved perfectly and in ordered way, that he who loves God should want his neighbor to love God. But in wanting this for his neighbor he loves his neighbor, for only in this way is one’s neighbor loved from charity, as is said in the gloss [Lombard On Romans 13.7-10]. Therefore etc....
- 42 ...give good for evil. Therefore etc. 6. Further, dissimulation...
- 43 ...but of the opposite; therefore etc. 11. Further, certain...
- 44 ... Therefore God and the Church have established, for purposes of fear, that these sort of oaths [ sc. ‘by the Gospel’, ‘by heaven’ etc....
- 45 ... etc. ’ and so on about other precepts. And in addition, the New Law contains the whole of the Old, Matthew 5.17-18, “I have not come to destroy the Law but to fulfill it. ” Therefore...
- 46 ... therefore it is more difficult. The consequence is plain from Ethics 2.2.1105a9, “virtue is about the hard and difficult good. ” ”4. On the contrary: Matthew 11.28-30, “Come to me all you who are labor and are heavy laden, and I will give you rest etc. ”...
- 47 ...as he is my good; therefore etc. Likewise, about every...
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| 11 | Author: | Scotus, John Duns | | | Collection Title: | Scotus: Ordinatio | | | Volume: | Ordinatio. Book 1. Distinctions 11 to 25. | | | Published: | 2022 | | | | Matches:
53 hits | - 1 ...proceeds from the Son; therefore etc. 5. Again, love in us...
- 2 ... therefore no person is distinguished from another which is not referred by relation to another; therefore if the Holy Spirit did not proceed from the Son no real distinction from him could stand, because there would be no reference to him, - therefore, etc....
- 3 ... therefore what is repugnant thereto is supremely impossible. Therefore the position that supposes the Holy Spirit not to proceed from the Son is ‘supremely impossible’ because its opposite is supremely necessary inwardly (namely that he proceeds from the Son), and an impossible that includes incompossibles seems to be more impossible than an impossible that does not include such; therefore etc....
- 4 ... therefore the opinion [that the question cannot be posed, n.27] has some probability if one posited that the Holy Spirit did not proceed from the Son etc. ,...
- 5 ... therefore according to its quiddity. But according to its quiddity it only has a respect to its opposite, therefore it only distinguishes from its opposite; but, on the supposition of this hypothesis, there would not be in Son and Holy Spirit opposite relations; therefore etc....
- 6 ... therefore he is by it formally distinguished from every other person; therefore, after everything else, and especially ‘later’ filiation, per impossibile or per incompossibile has been removed, the Son will by filiation remain distinct in person from any other person. - The assumption is plain, because the Son is not constituted in ‘personal being’ by active inspiriting, because that is common to the Father and the Son; and there are not in him other positive properties besides passive generation and active inspiriting; therefore etc....
- 7 ... etc. 42. Against this [n.41], and first that anything possessing a certain existence is, by a distinction that belongs to that existence, distinguished from anything else through something that is of the idea of that in which it has such existence. Therefore...
- 8 ...as they are distinct; therefore etc. I. Response to the...
- 9 ... therefore, by similarity, the will, as it is in act of willing, will not be the principle of producing the Holy Spirit, but the will as first act will be. 19. Next I prove the principal consequence [n.14] in this way, by taking the same major as before [n.15], ‘in whatever moment of nature or of origin etc. ’;...
- 10 ... Therefore he is from the Father through the Son; therefore not uniformly from both. 57. Again, Richard [of St. Victor] On the Trinity V ch.9: “The Holy Spirit proceeds from the Father mediately and immediately, but from the Son only immediately. ” Therefore etc....
- 11 ... Therefore every first producer produces more than the second producer; the Father seems to produce first, because he gives the producing to the Son, therefore etc....
- 12 ... therefore this distinction is through some such things as would be distinct with everything else per impossibile left out and as would also be in themselves primarily diverse; the unity or plurality of acting supposits are not such things if there is not any other distinction in the principles of acting; therefore etc....
- 13 ... Therefore this compossibility and non-compossibility is not the first reason for the distinction of productions. 19. Further, these productions are distinguished by the fact that one exists by way of nature and the other by way of will; but this distinction of productions does not come precisely from the producing supposits, nor because one relation stands with one relation, and another with another, but the distinction is taken from the distinction of productive principles, which have opposites modes of being principle; therefore etc....
- 14 ... etc. ;” see Augustine there. - What would that consequence be if natural reason says that to be blessed is better than to be miserable, therefore...
- 15 ...is formally infinite; therefore etc. 69. Further, the divine...
- 16 ... therefore, since the produced terms require such a formal distinction, the terms will not be univocal [sc. to some third thing]. 86. Further, what is produced through the intellect is, from the force of its production, generated knowledge, while what is produced through the mode of will is proceeding love; but knowledge as knowledge and love as love seem to be of formally different ideas; therefore etc....
- 17 ...to the creature; therefore etc. 2. Again in John 14.23 the...
- 18 ... etc. ” “But the saying is not like this, ‘Lord, my love’, or ‘you are my love’, but it is said like this, ‘God is love’ ( I John 4.16) as it is said ‘God is spirit’ ( John 4.24). ” ”4. Again, by reason: every creature can be understood to be non-good, because it is good by participation; but charity cannot be understood to be non-good; therefore...
- 19 ...it is good by essence, - therefore, etc. 5. On the contrary:...
- 20 ...Physics 7.3.246a30-b21; therefore etc. 16. A confirmation of...
- 21 ...more unlimited in extent; therefore etc. [ibid. n.559]. 37....
- 22 ...in any way conversely; therefore etc. 40. [Clarification of...
- 23 ... therefore its causality is extrinsic. Therefore whatever the Holy Spirit can cause in the act along with the habit, he can cause without the habit; plurality without necessity should, it seems, not be posited, because it is superfluous, - therefore, etc....
- 24 ... therefore, on the contrary, because he cooperates with the will therefore the will operates in accordance with the habit. But the Holy Spirit can cooperate as equally with a will - in the first instant of its nature - that has the habit of charity as with a will that does not have it; therefore etc....
- 25 ... etc. [n.13], the conclusion is drawn that the soul is the act and form of what performs those acts; therefore,...
- 26 ... therefore, has to be reduced to two syllogisms as follows: ‘he who loves his love-act loves love by essence; but he who loves his neighbor loves his love-act; therefore he who loves his neighbor loves love by essence. But God is this sort of love; therefore etc. ’...
- 27 ...is intrinsic to God); therefore etc. Further, a person is...
- 28 ...cause of what is prior; therefore etc. Further, charity is...
- 29 ...good without quality;” therefore etc. 2. Again, nothing is...
- 30 ... etc. ], this is not attended to in them save insofar as they have magnitude of virtue; but this magnitude is not an attribute different from such perfection as asserts a mode intrinsic to the attribute (as was said often above [I d.8 nn.192, 220-221; d.10 n.30; d.13 nn.72, 80]); therefore...
- 31 ... etc. But equality is not preunderstood in the relations of origin, nor can it be self-referred; for the Father is not equal to himself but to the Son, and therefore...
- 32 ...came from the Father”); therefore etc. 36. To the opposite:...
- 33 ...is unintelligible; therefore etc. 42. Therefore it is...
- 34 ...include a contradiction; therefore etc. 18. Further, second,...
- 35 ... therefore nothing capable of laughter is not a man’ (through the rule, in On Interpretation 2.10.95b-20b10, ‘from a negative about an infinite predicate there follows an affirmative about a finite predicate and a negative about a denied predicate’, -which is proved by the first principle ‘an affirmation about anything whatever etc. ’ [...
- 36 ... therefore everything capable of laughter [sc. is a man]’ by equivalence - therefore from the first etc....
- 37 ...sc. as a ‘this’], therefore etc. ; proof of the antecedent:...
- 38 ... therefore one must simply concede that the wayfarer can use many names expressing the divine essence under the idea of divine essence. Appendix A. Twenty Second Distinction Single Question. [ Interpolation ] “After what has been said [sc. I dd.1-21] it seems we must discourse of the diversity of the names, etc. ” [...
- 39 ...with a proper concept; therefore etc. - The major is proved...
- 40 ... etc. ” Further, Augustine Against Adimantus ch.13 n.2: “That inestimable sublimity must, in order to be adapted to the ear, be signified by human signs. ” Further, by reason: the wayfarer can have a proper concept of God, therefore...
- 41 ... etc. Also this name ‘God’ is imposed on him first, such that it does not belong to creatures save by transference (the way Moses was called the ‘god of Pharaoh’, Exodus 7.1); therefore...
- 42 ...not comprehend God; therefore etc. - The proof of the minor...
- 43 ...already set down); therefore, etc. - The proof of the major...
- 44 ...as was said before; therefore etc. The second, namely about...
- 45 ...production nor is adored; therefore, etc. 2. Further, the...
- 46 ...the error of Sabellius; therefore, etc. 3. On the contrary:...
- 47 ...with respect to them. Therefore, etc. 8. There is added to...
- 48 ... therefore it can be predicated of a thing of first intention and supposit for it. An exemplification: in the statement ‘species is a second intention’ species is taken for the very intention in itself - and in the statement ‘species is predicated of many things differing in number’ etc....
- 49 ... therefore neither determines the other, - and so if this name ‘person’ is a concrete of the sort in question [n.8], then the statement that there are ‘three persons’ will not be well made save by understanding another substantive which would be determined by both adjectives; but no such implicitly understood other substantive is given, therefore etc....
- 50 ... etc. [“For number is a multitude, measurable by a one. ”] add: ‘one’ in the intellect, by a unity of order, can have the idea of measure according to reason; number is such a ‘one’, through definite distance of the last unit from the first; therefore...
- 51 ... therefore he loves participated love’. Further, the other syllogism is: ‘he who loves participated love ought to love love by essence; God is love by essence; therefore etc. ’...
- 52 ...a common difference; therefore etc. Response: common, but...
- 53 ... therefore the Father is, therefore the Son is, therefore the Son is God (or wise or omnipotent etc. )’...
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| 12 | Author: | Scotus, John Duns | | | Collection Title: | Scotus: Ordinatio | | | Volume: | Ordinatio. Book 1. Distinction 3. | | | Published: | 2022 | | | | Matches:
57 hits | - 1 ... therefore the intellect understands only that of which it can, through the senses, apprehend a phantasm. But God is not a phantasm, nor is he anything of which there can be a phantasm; therefore etc....
- 2 ...divine things principally;” therefore etc. And in the act of...
- 3 ... Therefore, since nothing leads to the knowledge of another save under the idea of what is similar, it follows etc....
- 4 ... etc. , lies in what has been set down [sc. at the end of the first paragraph of this note]. A. A Quidditative Concept of God Can be Obtained 25. I say first, therefore,...
- 5 ... therefore it does not bring about a concept that is simple and proper to an uncreated being. 36. There is argument, third, as follows: the concept proper to a subject is an idea sufficient for proving of that subject all the things that can be conceived as necessarily being present in it; but we have no concept of God by which we could sufficiently know all the things conceived by us that are necessarily in him - it is plain about the Trinity and other necessary points of faith; therefore etc....
- 6 ...proper quidditative concept; therefore etc. The proof of the...
- 7 ... Therefore, the principles of all other sciences, and their terms, can be conceived before the principles of metaphysics. But this would not be the case if it were necessary for the more common concepts to be conceived first before the concepts of the most specific species; for then being and the like would have to be conceived first, and so it would follow rather that metaphysics was first in the order of teaching; therefore etc....
- 8 ... etc. , so, if one form virtually include all of them, it will, as it were, perfect matter first under the idea of substance before it does so under the idea of body, and always in this way of generation the more imperfect will be prior because process is made from potency to act. Therefore,...
- 9 ...sort of predication; therefore etc. I. Opinion of Others A....
- 10 ...for our intellect; therefore etc. 118. Besides, third [...
- 11 ... therefore God is only the first object under the idea of that attribute, and so that general attribute will be the first object - or, according to the opinion that I held before [n.19] (that God is only understood under the idea of being [nn.56-60]), he will not have a natural order save under such universal concept. But a particular that is only understood in something common is not the first object of the intellect, but rather that common thing is. Therefore etc....
- 12 ...made plain [n.137]; therefore etc. Proof of the first part...
- 13 ...subject of metaphysics); therefore etc. 175. I reply to the...
- 14 ... Therefore any idea according to which something is an object for the will is knowable by the intellect; and so the first idea of the object of the intellect cannot be an idea that is distinguished from the idea of what can be willed, if in any way there be such [cf. canceled note to n.151]. a a. a [ Interpolated text ] Again, the intellect sets down a difference, and an agreement, between the good and the true; therefore etc....
- 15 ... therefore is ‘this justice’ loved with love of concupiscence for ‘this man’. 201. So also [to n.194 second paragraph] is the exposition plain of the authority of Augustine On The Trinity VIII ch.6 n.9, “Why then do we love another whom we believe to be just and not the form itself where we see what a just mind is etc. ” [...
- 16 ... etc. ? ” And at the end he says, “Where are those rules written, save in the book of light? ” That book of light is the divine intellect. Therefore...
- 17 ... therefore by nothing changeable can it be set right or ruled over so as not to err; but such an exemplar in the soul is more changeable than is the soul itself; therefore the exemplar does not perfectly rule over the soul so that it not err. a This reason is said to be Augustine’s in On True Religion ch.30 n.56, “The law of all arts etc. ”...
- 18 ...from the likely true; therefore etc. Proof of the minor:...
- 19 ... therefore does it not of itself give determination to the mind itself as to the evidence for itself; also the mind can bring forward sophistical arguments against it, by which the mind may dissent from it - not so against what is a first known, Metaphysics 4.3.1005a29-6a18 (“comes into the mind etc. ” [...
- 20 ... Therefore, he maintains that Christians do not see the things of faith in the eternal rules, while the philosophers do see many necessary things in them. 271. Also ibid . 9.6 n.9, “Not just any man’s sort of mind etc. ” [...
- 21 ... etc. “Surely it was not by unchangeable science that they searched all these things out, but through the history of places and times, and they believed what was experienced and written down by others? ” Therefore,...
- 22 ... therefore the Trinity could naturally be investigated through a creature, which is false, because it surpasses natural reason. a. a [ Interpolated text ] ‘Now it remains to show etc. ’ [...
- 23 ... etc. ” [n.575 infra ]. 288. What the footprint in creatures, therefore,...
- 24 ... Therefore, the footprint can be known naturally before that of which it is the footprint; but a relation cannot be known naturally before the term; therefore etc....
- 25 ...it is the exemplar of; therefore etc. 3. Scotus’ own Opinion...
- 26 ...any ratified being; therefore etc. Proof of the minor: there...
- 27 ... therefore it is not ratified save to the extent it participates ‘to be’; therefore by that participation is it formally ratified. 305. Secondly [cf. n.304] as follows: nothing other than God can be perfectly known without knowledge of all the intrinsic and extrinsic causes, Physics 1.1.184.14-17, “Then each thing etc. ” [...
- 28 ... Therefore, the idea of good is taken away from them when the first good is, through the intellect, taken away; and consequently goodness in them states a relation to, or participation in, the supreme good. 308. If argument is made against the opinion [n.302] from Averroes Metaphysics 12 com.19, that relation has the weakest being, so there is not and cannot be a ratification formally of ratified being [Henry, Quodlibet 9 q.3 etc. ] -...
- 29 ... therefore of the intellect itself. This change, which takes place toward proximate potency, seems to be toward some form, through which the intelligible object is present to the intellect. And this form is prior to the act of understanding, because the proximate power that someone is capable of understanding by is naturally prior to the act of understanding; the form by which the object is present in this way is called the species; therefore etc....
- 30 ...act of understanding; therefore etc. 342. This is said to be...
- 31 ... etc. ’] will only have meaning because the agent intellect makes something to be representative of the universal out of that which was representative of the singular, however much the ‘out of’ be materially or virtually understood. Real action is only terminated at something that represents the object under the idea of the universal; therefore...
- 32 ... Therefore, what is more universal can be present to the intellect through something other than that through which there is in the intellect the presence of something less universal. But if an object were precisely understood in the phantasm, the more universal would never be present save in the less universal, because never present save in some imaginable singular. Therefore etc....
- 33 ... therefore, the intellect in its operation depends on another power that is contingently conjoined with it, and so this puts an imperfection of cognitive power in it [cf. Henry of Ghent, Quodlibet 4 q.7]; but no imperfection is to be posited in any nature unless a necessity appear in such nature; therefore such imperfection is not to be posited in the intellect. 369. If you object that plurality is only to be posited where there is necessity, here there is no necessity, therefore etc. -...
- 34 ... Therefore, by that opinion, to be sure, no act of understanding is an act of memory but of the intelligence [cf. Scotus, Ord . I d.2 nn.290-291]. This appears from Augustine On the Trinity 15 ch.21 n.40, “those who attribute to intelligence everything that is thought etc. ”...
- 35 ...disciplines or sciences etc. ; therefore it is necessary,...
- 36 ...in the phantasm, therefore etc. - I reply: there is always a...
- 37 ... therefore, is properly an operation that abides in the agent; but it abides in the intellective part, therefore it will come from that part as from its agent. 412. Fourth, and it is the same, because action properly speaking, and as it is distinguished from making, denominates the agent; but ‘to understand’ denominates man as to his intellective part, therefore etc. [...
- 38 ... therefore man’s intellective part or intellect is the agent of the action of understanding]. 2. Rejection of the Opinion 413. Against this opinion: That it is not the opinion of Augustine appears from the last chapter of On the Trinity 9.12 n.18 (or chapter 30 of the smaller version): “It must be clearly held that everything we know co-generates in us knowledge of itself; for knowledge is born of both, namely of the knower and the known etc. ”...
- 39 ... etc. ” Again, ibid . 15.10 n.9 (as was said before [n.393]), “The knowledge formed by the thing that we know is a word. ” Therefore,...
- 40 ...any habit in the intellect; therefore etc. 434. There is a...
- 41 ... Therefore, it would not be necessary to posit any habit in the intellect if it were precisely passive with respect to intellection. Proof of the first proposition [sc. supra n.439, “a habit is not posited precisely for undergoing something”], because a habit is ‘what we use when we want’, and a habit “perfects the haver and renders his work good etc. ,”...
- 42 ...it and it is in it, therefore etc. #8 [the argument in n.443...
- 43 ...of intellection; therefore etc. 467. Likewise, third: both...
- 44 ... etc. ’ is false in the case of things that cannot attain, of themselves, the end to which they are ordered, but only by the action of something extrinsic, which gives some accident to them by which they may act and attain their end - and so it is of the intellect. 470. To the third [n.467]: that attention belongs the will by which, through vehement application of oneself to some object, a lower cognitive power is affected by the object more vehemently; and therefore...
- 45 ...is bracketed, is nothing; therefore etc. The major is...
- 46 ...not move unless moved; therefore etc. a. a [ Note added by...
- 47 ... etc. [4 d.45 q.3 nn.3-20; 3 d.14 q.3 n.7]. 555. Again, an agent assimilates the effect to itself, therefore...
- 48 ...than to the intellect; therefore etc. 556. Again, unity of...
- 49 ...intellection of itself; therefore etc. 560. Second, because...
- 50 ... therefore, neither does the whole mind represent the whole Trinity. Proof of the antecedent: On the Trinity 15.7 n.12, the Father is memory, intelligence, will etc. ;...
- 51 ... Therefore, there is no action of these acts as they are terms, because they are actions formally; proof, for they are second acts, not first acts; but if they were not actions, they would be first acts. 572. Again, by them [second acts or actions] a habit is generated; an action by which a form is generated is an action of the genus of action; therefore etc....
- 52 ... Therefore, will the will be a fourth along with these. 582. Again, a second doubt is that the order of origin, the way it is in divine reality, is not preserved here. For there the first person originates the second, and these two the third; here the first part of the image is cause of the second, but neither the first nor the second are cause of the third; therefore etc....
- 53 ...it is like, etc. ” It is plain, therefore, that he posits...
- 54 ... therefore, be the first subject of metaphysics, since the first subject of metaphysics is beyond all ‘ifs’ and ‘whats’. In the idea of being is included, as convertible with it, the simple properties of good, true, one etc. ,...
- 55 ...consequent is false; therefore etc. [NB. The punctuation of...
- 56 ... etc. But things are the other way round, and the object of a power precedes and is understood before the power is, as Scotus shows from Aristotle. The syllogism being criticized is (to put it schematically): each thing is disposed to knowledge as it is disposed to being; a being by participation is from un-participating being; therefore...
- 57 ... therefore a being by participation is known from un-participating being. But this conclusion no longer supports the thesis, namely that God is the first object of the intellect’s knowing. The Vatican Editors note that ‘ .. .leave the wax’ is in the text of Scotus but ‘leave the ring’ in Augustine’s original. Sensibles are typically divided into proper sensibles, which belong to one sense only (color proper to the eyes, sound to the ears, etc. ),...
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| 13 | Author: | Scotus, John Duns | | | Collection Title: | Scotus: Ordinatio | | | Volume: | Ordinatio. Book 4. Distinctions 43 - 49. | | | Published: | 2022 | | | | Matches:
47 hits | - 1 ...known by natural reason; therefore etc. Proof of the minor:...
- 2 ... Therefore this fact of the resurrection, which seemed to them to be so remote from the truth, did not seem to be well known through natural reason; hence all that Paul adduces there is only certain persuasive considerations, as is plain in the text. 51. Again in Acts 26.23-24, although Paul was saying “If Christ is capable of suffering, if he is first of the resurrection etc. ,”...
- 3 ...can be immaterial, therefore etc. 71. This term ‘immaterial’...
- 4 ... therefore, it is from the object of the act that a proof of the antecedent is finally reached. 73. In this way: we have in ourselves some knowledge of the object under the idea under which there cannot be any sense knowledge of it; therefore etc....
- 5 ...for any sense power; therefore etc. 83. But if someone...
- 6 ... etc. ” The Philosopher means to say, then, that the intellect is a form that remains after the composite but not beforehand. 96. Again Generation of Animals 2.3.736b27-28, “It remains then that only the intellect comes from without. ” Therefore,...
- 7 ... therefore, since he is the most perfect animal, can only be produced by nature with univocal production [sc. production only by specifically the same causes]; but resurrection is not a univocal production, because it is not generation; therefore etc....
- 8 ... therefore a considerable order in forms that are first according to natural order (as the order of seed, blood, flesh etc. )...
- 9 ...then we who are alive etc. ;” therefore those who are found...
- 10 ... etc. ” [Master Lombard, Sent . IV d.44 ch.1 n.1]. 2. About this forty fourth distinction I ask whether, in the case of every man, the whole that belonged to the truth of human nature in him will rise again. 3. That it will not: Genesis 2.21-22, “God took one of Adam’s ribs and made it into the woman. ” Therefore,...
- 11 ...form after nutrition; therefore etc. 21. The exposition of...
- 12 ...an intentional action; therefore etc. Proof of the minor:...
- 13 ... therefore neither does the intellect have any intellection unless moved by a phantasm. But then [after separation] it will not be moved by a phantasm; therefore etc....
- 14 ... therefore understanding is too. 5. Again, only the possible intellect understands, because the agent intellect does not understand; but the possible intellect does not remain after death, because On the Soul 3.5.430a23-25, “the passive intellect is corrupted;” the possible intellect is the passive intellect; therefore etc....
- 15 ... therefore the intellect keeps the species; therefore etc. 7....
- 16 ... therefore, the species by itself will not be sufficient in a separated intellect for understanding, nor will it be possible then for a phantasm to be had; therefore etc....
- 17 ... therefore it is united for the sake of acquiring its own perfection, namely so that it may acquire knowledge through the use of the senses in the body; but this would be in vain if, when separated without use of the senses, it could acquire knowledge; therefore etc....
- 18 ...knowledge is had; therefore etc. 64. The proof of the minor...
- 19 ...of being active; therefore etc. 77. Again, the object of the...
- 20 ...discursive process; therefore etc. 123. An objection against...
- 21 ...God, is of this sort; therefore etc. 166. Again, they do not...
- 22 ...there is no passion; therefore etc. 50. Again, mercy is...
- 23 ... therefore God has an adverse will with respect to them. Likewise about present misery: For no misery is taken away unless God’s will is opposed to the misery being present; but many miseries are often taken away; therefore etc....
- 24 ... therefore much more when God is in authority, since God is greater than any sage, does man not become worse. But he who adds bad to bad makes the whole worse, just as he who adds good to good makes the whole better, Topics 3.5.119a23; therefore etc. [...
- 25 ...aid of what is in need; therefore etc. 89. In favor of the...
- 26 ... Therefore, the power of judging is given him as to his human nature. 7. Again, Job 36.17, “Your cause has been judged as that of someone wicked; therefore, may you undertake the judgment and the cause,” is said of Christ, and the first part is only true according to his human nature; therefore etc....
- 27 ... therefore to be eternal life; but if you infer from this, ‘ therefore it would be beatitude’, the conclusion does not follow. 28. Rather, if you say that Christ says that ‘in this is beatitude [sc. and not ‘eternal life’], that they know you etc. ’,...
- 28 ... etc. 81. Again, if the celestial bodies were to stop, they would have an excessive action on the bodies placed beneath them; because when the sun approaches, more is generated from the higher elements and more is corrupted from the inferior elements; conversely when it recedes. Therefore,...
- 29 ... Therefore the latter place cannot be the former. II. To the Initial Arguments 91. To the first main argument [n.44]: That they may be lights “for days and years etc. ”...
- 30 ... Therefore the blessed is he who both has everything that he wants and wants nothing wrongly. ” Therefore, beatitude consists in having everything that is willed well; many things are willed well that are different from operation; therefore etc....
- 31 ...in operation alone; therefore etc. 4. Again, beatitude...
- 32 ...something absolute; therefore etc. There is a confirmation:...
- 33 ...in a complete life; therefore etc. 7. Again, no agent is...
- 34 ... therefore he is not more perfect simply through his operation. But the blessed is more perfect simply through his, namely, through beatitude; therefore etc....
- 35 ...cause of his operation; therefore etc. 8. Again, a habit is...
- 36 ... therefore it is an equivocal efficient cause; so it is nobler. 9. To the opposite: Ethics 1.9.1099a30-31, 5.1097a15-b6, “Happiness is the best operation etc. ”...
- 37 ...and not conversely) - therefore etc. The proposed conclusion...
- 38 ...and virtue, to the powers; therefore etc. [cf. Ord . II d.26...
- 39 ...worthy than its power; therefore etc. 27. And this argument...
- 40 ...is a wantable object; therefore etc. 90. The proof of the...
- 41 ...object is operation; therefore etc. 115. The major is plain...
- 42 ... Therefore I reply that all these transcendentals [sc. good, true] denominate each other mutually, and for this reason ‘being essentially true’ is of equal perfection as ‘being essentially good’, unless it be proved that the idea of true is nobler than the idea of good, and conversely. 224. Another response is realer, because the ‘more’ [sc. in ‘nobler’, ‘closer’ etc. ]...
- 43 ...of concupiscence; therefore etc. 279. I reply: the wayfarer,...
- 44 ... therefore, by its idea, it excludes from the subject all opposed privation; therefore, by its idea, it makes the subject incorruptible and unchangeable in respect of that perfection. 310. Again, Aristotle Ethics [1.13.1102a5-6, 6.1098a16-20, 10.1100a1-5], “the best activity in a complete life is happiness;” this, according to him, includes a certain perpetuity, otherwise a happy man could become wretched, which he considers unacceptable [ ibid . 6.1098a19-20, 11.1100a27-29]; therefore etc....
- 45 ...nothing but security; therefore etc. 312. On the contrary:...
- 46 ...question [nn.275-288]); therefore etc. I. To the Question...
- 47 ...idea of the terms); therefore etc. [cf. Ord . I d.1 nn.139-...
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| 14 | Author: | Scotus, John Duns | | | Collection Title: | Scotus: Ordinatio | | | Volume: | Ordinatio. Book 1. Distinctions 26 to 48. | | | Published: | 2022 | | | | Matches:
41 hits | - 1 ...having the same nature; therefore etc. 24. Again, by reason:...
- 2 ... Therefore nothing in divine reality can be said to be related unless there is something that is said to be denominatively related as it were; and it will not be constituted formally by the relation as per se included in it (the point is clear from the difference between the first related thing and that to which it is said to be denominatively related), and this can only be the supposit (this was shown before [n33]); therefore, etc....
- 3 ... therefore the divine person that is first originated cannot be merely a subsistent relation, but one must posit something absolute that is originated first. a [ Interpolation ] first from the order that origination necessarily pre-requires, which order seems to be twofold, - for the first originating thing is prior to the originated thing; a relative is in no way prior to its correlative, because these are simply simultaneous; therefore etc. -...
- 4 ...be begotten exists; therefore etc. 41. Further, third: every...
- 5 ... therefore a constituting property, if it preserves that which is proper to itself, leaves behind that which is proper to itself and nothing else. Likewise, how could absolute being be left behind by a relative property if it preceded it in the person? 53. [Fourth way] - In the fourth way the argument is from authorities: Augustine On the Trinity VII ch.1 n.2: “Every relative is something when the relative is removed etc. ”...
- 6 ...of the defined thing, - therefore etc. a a [ Interpolation ]...
- 7 ... etc. ” Even logically speaking it is plain that a place taken from authority does not hold negatively. Second thus: nothing is to be asserted to be of the truth of the faith save what is handed down in Scripture or is declared by the universal Church, or is necessarily and evidently entailed by something so handed down or declared; that the persons are distinguished by no absolute properties does not appear to be such; therefore...
- 8 ...about absolutes; therefore etc. Third as follows: the...
- 9 ... therefore I concede that the first person is ‘whatever he has’ to which he is not related; but he is not the second person, which he has as correlative person, although he is not first constituted by that relation. 76. As to Boethius, when he says that ‘relation multiplies the trinity etc. ’ [...
- 10 ... therefore that, when properly calling ‘attributes’ those things only that as quasi qualities perfect in second being a thing presupposed in perfect first being (namely as far as concerns every perfection that belongs to the thing as it is substance), then in this way intellect and will are not attributes, nay they are certain perfections intrinsic to the essence as the essence is pre-understood to every quantity and quasi quality. This point is made clear by the fact that if some [Henry of Ghent etc. ]...
- 11 ...distinct knowledge; therefore etc. 18. Besides, if first...
- 12 ... therefore it seems unacceptable that ‘as converted’ it is that as from which the word is generated, and that ‘as knowing with simple knowledge’ it is the reason for generating the word quasi actively. 24. Further, some say that this conversion of the intellect is a quasi disposition of matter, - which seems unacceptable, because the disposition of matter is not more perfect nor as equally perfect as the active form of the agent; but this conversion is as equally perfect as simple knowledge, or more perfect; therefore etc....
- 13 ... therefore, by way of division that the word is actual intellection [the first opinion, n.48]. 60. And there is confirmation from Augustine On the Trinity XV ch.16 n.23: “Our thinking, reaching to that which we know, and formed from it, is our word. ” The same is held by him in ibid . ch.10 n.19: “Formed thinking, indeed,” etc. “...
- 14 ... therefore belong to the idea of the word to be born after inquiry, but it is necessary for an imperfect intellect - which cannot at once have definitive knowledge of the object - to have such knowledge after inquiry; and therefore the perfect word does not exist in us without inquiry. And yet when a perfect word follows such inquiry, the inquiry is not the generation of the word itself formally, but is quasipreliminary to the word being generated; which Augustine well indicates in the afore cited authority [n.68] “hither and thither with a certain rapid motion” etc. “...
- 15 ... therefore it is of a nature to subsist per se; and the productive principle of it possesses sufficient virtue, therefore etc....
- 16 ... therefore ‘unbegotten’ is not a property of any person. - Also the Holy Spirit, as I will prove, is formally unbegotten; therefore etc....
- 17 ...as I will prove; therefore etc. Proof of the minor, because...
- 18 ...and knowable creatures; therefore etc. 6. Further, God from...
- 19 ... therefore, by comparing this magnitude with that, it seems that the disposition founded on them is real. 8. Further, relations of the second mode of relatives (which namely are founded on action and passion, Metaphysics 5.15.1020b28-30, 21a14-29) are real relations; but such is the relation of God to creatures insofar as he is efficient cause; therefore etc. -...
- 20 ...nor dependent, etc. , - therefore he is not really related...
- 21 ... etc. ] that there is here a foundation, because it is said that magnitude passes over into the essence (according to Augustine, in many places), and so it does not remain under the idea of magnitude save in reason. 8. But against this: The divine essence as it is the first object of the divine intellect, seen in the first intuitive cognition, is, before any busying of the intellect, the beatific object of that intellect, because the intellect is not beatified by a busying act; therefore...
- 22 ... therefore a real numerical distinction in the extremes is here sufficient for the reality of the common relations, just as for the distinction of the relations of origin, which differ as it were in species. C. As to the Third Condition for Relation 16. As to the third article [n.6] - it seems that this relation [sc. equality etc. ]...
- 23 ... etc. ’ is denied. It is denied to be real in another way, when the same person is in each extreme: the inference does not follow ‘not greater nor lesser therefore...
- 24 ...according to deity’; therefore etc. 36. But in this way it...
- 25 ... therefore the Father is not wise with generated wisdom. - But this he [sc. Scotus] said at first [ Reportatio IA d.32 n.27], and then, so that the solution of the question may be better seen, one must first see it as it is contained above [nn.23.25] etc....
- 26 ... therefore he is a valid being insofar as he participates the first thing as exemplar; but this is insofar as he has an eternal relation to God as knower and exemplar, - therefore etc....
- 27 ... therefore simultaneous in nature are God understanding a stone and a stone understood by him; therefore since a stone understood by the divine intellect is understood insofar as it is other than the divine essence, and this knowledge was real and metaphysical (not logical), then that which was the term of this intellection was a true thing; therefore etc....
- 28 ... therefore they are made by the heart before they are by the hand. 11. And Avicenna Metaphysics VIII ch.7, about the double flow of things from God [sc. according to the being of essence and the being of existence]. 12. It is also added by them [sc. Henry etc. ]...
- 29 ... therefore it is false that the secondary objects are the immediate term of ‘to understand’, just as neither do they move - for in no way are they necessarily required for act, but they are required in idea of term, to the act as it is of this; this only asserts a relation in the second mode. a a [ Note of Duns Scotus ] God: intellect, essence as reason; to understand: essence as first term, -stone, angel etc. ,...
- 30 ...wise God, etc. ;” art is a practical habit; therefore etc....
- 31 ... therefore whatever is in him immutably is in him necessarily. Second, because everything immutable seems to be formally necessary, just as everything possible - to which ‘necessarily’ is repugnant - seems to be mutable; for no ‘such possible’ exists of itself and it can exist from another. But what is able to be after not being (whether in order of duration or order of nature) does not seem able to be without some mutability; therefore etc. ...
- 32 ... therefore I am saying something’; therefore, by similarity, ‘to know’ is not canceled on account of the matter it passes over to. Therefore since the ‘to know’ of God is simply necessary, it is not canceled or deprived of having this necessity by the fact it passes over to a contingent thing. Besides, everything that God knows will be, will necessarily be; God knows a will be; therefore etc. -...
- 33 ... etc. ” In favor of this view the argument is also made that there can be imperfection in an effect from the proximate cause, although not from a remote or prior cause, - just as there is deformity in an act from a created will but not insofar as it is from the divine will; therefore...
- 34 ... therefore it is impossible’, as the proof insinuates; and when it says ‘if it can be true for the instant for which it is false, it can be made true for that instant either[by motion or change], etc. ’,...
- 35 ... etc. ), yet there is not there only a necessity of immutability such that the immutability is of itself necessary, because immutability only takes away a possible succession of opposite to opposite; but necessity simply takes away absolutely the possibility of this opposite and the nonsuccession of the opposite to it, - and the inference does not hold ‘the opposite cannot succeed to the opposite, therefore...
- 36 ...to be omnipotence; therefore etc. 3. Proof of the minor,...
- 37 ... therefore it knows that the omnipotence of God is possible. 5. But from this a reason per se can be given, because if it can naturally be proved that omnipotence is possible (because it is not impossible [n.4]), then it can naturally be proved that it is necessary, because it cannot be unless it could be necessary; and what can be necessary, is necessary; therefore etc....
- 38 ... therefore the antecedent too. On the contrary: Things being made other than they have been made does not include a contradiction; nor is the universe necessary; therefore etc....
- 39 ...not all will be saved; therefore etc. 2. In addition Matthew...
- 40 ...nor is he mutable; therefore etc. a a [ Interpolation ] But...
- 41 ... therefore by similarity about a created will, that it is then good when it is conformed to the uncreated will. 2. On the contrary: The Jews wanted Christ to suffer and to die, which Christ also wanted - and yet they sinned (“Forgive them, Father,” he says, “because they know not what they do,” Luke 23.34); therefore etc....
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