The Ordinatio of John Duns Scotus :: Ordinatio. Book 3. Distinctions 1 - 17. ::

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Ordinatio. Book 3. Distinctions 1 - 17.

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translator's preface

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book 3. distinctions 1 - 17

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first distinction. first part. on the possibility of the incarnation

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question one whether it was possible for human nature to be united to the word in unity of supposit

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I. to the question

a. what is to be understood by ‘personal union’

b. how personal union is possible on the part of the person assuming

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C. how personal union is possible on the part of the assumed nature

1. the opinion of others

2. rejection of the opinion

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3. scotus’ own opinion

a. two possible ways of solution

b. arguments against the first way

c. arguments against the second way

d. what one should think about the two ways

e. to the arguments against the second way

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II. to the principal arguments

a. to the common arguments

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b. to the special arguments

1. to the argument on the part of the nature that is united

2. to the arguments on the part of that which assumes

3. to the argument on the part of the union

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question two. whether the three persons can assume numerically the same nature

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I. to the question

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a. opinion of others

1. exposition of the opinion

2. weighing of the opinion

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b. scotus’ own opinion

1. whether the first term of the union is the three persons

2. whether the first term of the union is the per se existing essence

II. to the principal arguments on both sides

III. to the arguments for the opinion of others

IV. objection to scotus’ opinion and its solution

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question three. whether one person can assume several natures

I. to the question

II. to the principal arguments

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question four. whether a created supposit can hypostatically instantiate a different created nature than the one that it has

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I. to the question

a. on the first way of instantiating, that is by efficient causality

b. on the second way of instantiating, namely terminatively

II. to the principal arguments when holding to the negative side of the question

III. to the argument for the opposite when holding to the affirmative side of the question

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second part. on the fact of the incarnation

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single question. whether the formal reason of being the term for the union of the human nature with the word is the word’s relative property

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I. to the question

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a. what the property is that constitutes a person

1. reasons and responses of those who think that the persons are constituted by relations

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2. rejection of the aforesaid reasons and responses

a. about the special reasons and responses

b. about the conclusion in itself

b. whether a personal property is the formal reason of terminating the union of the human nature with the word

C. solution of the question

II. to the principal arguments

III. to the reasons adduced for the opinion that holds the persons to be constituted by absolutes

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second distinction

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question one whether a nature immediately united hypostatically to the word and not having joy involves a contradiction

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I. to the question

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a. opinion of henry of ghent

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1. an assumed nature naturally fit to have joy cannot not have joy

a. exposition of the opinion

b. rejection of the opinion

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2. a nature not naturally fit for enjoyment cannot be assumed

a. exposition of the opinion

b. rejection of the opinion

b. scotus’ own opinion

II. to the principal arguments

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III. to the arguments of henry of ghent

a. as to the first article

b. as to the second article

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question two. whether the word assumed the whole of human nature first and immediately

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I. to the question

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a. about the intrinsic medium

1. the opinion of others

2. scotus’ own opinion

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3. three doubts against scotus’ opinion

a. statement of the doubts

b. solution of the doubts

c. to the authority of the commentator adduced in the first doubt

b. about the extrinsic medium

II. to the principal arguments

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question three. whether the organization and animation of the body preceded the incarnation

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I. to the question

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a. of priority in time

1. of the order of animation in relation to incarnation

2. of the order of organization in relation to animation

b. of priority in nature

II. to the principal arguments

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third distinction

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question one. whether the blessed virgin was conceived in original sin

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I. to the question

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a. the common opinion

1. exposition of the opinion

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2. rejection of the opinion

a. against the first reason

b. against the second reason

b. scotus’ own response

C. objections and their solution

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II. response to the arguments while holding that the blessed virgin was not conceived in original sin

a. to the principal arguments

b. to the arguments given for the common opinion

C. specifically to the arguments of bernard

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question two. wherefore and how christ’s body did not contract original sin as other bodies did

I. on a first way of speaking

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II. on a second way of speaking

b. alternative way

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fourth distinction

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single question whether the blessed virgin was truly mother of god and man

I. to the question

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a. first opinion

1. exposition of the opinion

2. rejection of the opinion

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b. second opinion

1. exposition of the opinion

2. rejection of the opinion

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C. third opinion

1. statement of the opinion

2. rejection of the opinion

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D. scotus’ own opinion

1. on the action of the mother in the formation of our bodies

2. on the action of the blessed virgin in the formation of christ’s body

3. a doubt about the mother’s action through seed-reason

III. other doubts on the question

IV. to the principal arguments

V. to the arguments for the first opinion

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fifth distinction

question one. whether the divine nature assumed the human nature or was able to assume it

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question two. whether a created person was assumed or was able to be assumed

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I. to the first question

b. to the principal arguments

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II. to the second question

b. to the principal arguments

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sixth distinction

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question one. whether in christ there is some existing other than uncreated existing

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I. to the question

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a. opinion of others

1. exposition of the opinion

2. rejection of the opinion

b. scotus’ own opinion

II. to the principal arguments

III. to the arguments for the opinion of others

IV. to the first and second reasonings in the solution of the question

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question two. whether christ is a two

I. to the question

II. to the principal arguments

question three. which of the three opinions that the master reports should be held

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seventh distinction

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question one. whether this proposition is true, ‘god is man’

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I. to the question

II. to the principal arguments

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question two. whether god was made man

I. to the question

II. to the principal arguments

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question three. whether christ was predestined to be son of god

I. to the question

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II. doubts and their solution

b. second doubt

III. to the principal argument

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eighth distinction

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single question. whether there are two real filiations in christ

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I. to the question

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a. opinion of others

1. first reason and rejection of it

2. second reason and rejection of it

b. scotus’ own opinion

II. to the principal arguments

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ninth distinction

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single question. whether divine worship or the honor of divine worship is due to christ only as to his divine nature

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I. to the question

a. how divine worship is taken

b. when and how divine worship is due

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C. whether divine worship is due to christ only as to his divine nature

2. an objection, and rejection of it

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II. a doubt about the adoration owed to christ as he is a man

a. the opinion of others

b. scotus’ own response

III. to the principal arguments

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tenth distinction

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single question. whether christ is son of god by adoption

I. to the question

II. to the principal arguments

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eleventh distinction.

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question one. whether christ is a creature

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I. to the question

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a. the solution of others

1. first solution

2. second solution

2. third solution

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b. scotus’ own solution

1. first reason

2. second reason

II. to the arguments

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question two. whether christ as he is man is a creature

I. to the question

II. to the principal arguments

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question three. whether christ began to be

I. to the question

II. to the arguments

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twelfth distinction

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single question. whether the human nature in christ was able to sin

I. to the question

II. to the arguments

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thirteenth distinction

question one. whether on christ’s soul could have been conferred the highest degree of grace that could have been conferred on a creature

question two. whether on christ’s soul was in fact conferred the highest degree of grace that could have been conferred on a creature

question three. whether it was possible for christ’s will to have the highest enjoyment possible for a created nature

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question four. whether christ’s soul was able to enjoy god supremely without the highest grace

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I. to the first question

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a. the highest grace could have been created

1. scotus’ own reason

2. others’ reasons

b. the highest grace can be conferred on the soul of christ

II. to the second question

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III. to the principal arguments of these two questions

a. to the arguments of the first question

b. to the arguments of the second question

IV. to the third question

V. to the fourth question

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VI. to the principal arguments of the third and fourth question

a. to the arguments of both parts of the third question

b. to the arguments of the fourth question

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fourteenth distinction

question one. whether it was possible for the intellect of christ’s soul to be first and immediately perfected by the most perfect vision of the word possible for a creature

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question two. whether it was possible for the intellect of christ’s soul to see in the word everything that the word sees

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I. to the first question

a. it is possible that christ’s soul is able to be perfected with the most perfect vision of the word

b. the intellect of christ’s soul can be perfected first and immediately with the most perfect vision of the word

C. to the principal arguments

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II. to the second question

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a. first opinion

1. exposition of the opinion

2. rejection of the opinion

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b. second opinion

1. exposition of the opinion

2. rejection of the opinion

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C. scotus’ own opinion

1. the soul of christ sees everything in the word actually

2. a doubt about scotus’ opinion

D. how the second opinion could be sustained

e. to the principal arguments

f. to the arguments for the second opinion

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question three. whether christ’s soul knows everything in its own proper genus

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I. to the question

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a. first opinion

1. exposition of the opinion

2. rejection of the opinion

b. second opinion

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C. scotus’ own opinion

1. on abstractive knowledge

2. on intuitive knowledge

II. to the principal arguments

III. an objection against abstractive knowledge of singulars

question four. whether christ knows everything in its own proper genus perfectly

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fifteenth distinction

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single question. whether there was true sorrow in christ’s soul as to its higher part

I. brief reply of others to the question and rejection of it

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II. fuller examination of the question and solution to it

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a. what pain and sadness are

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a. opinion of henry of ghent

b. rejection of the opinion

c. scotus’ own response

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a. on the first mode or way of being sad, that is, on sadness as it arises from an object that is not wanted

b. on the second mode or way of being said, that is, on sadness as it arises from an object naturally disagreeable or from an object disagreeable to sense appetite

c. on the third mode or way of being sad, that is, because of a conditioned not-wanting

b. in christ there was true sorrow

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C. whether christ was saddened in the higher and lower part of the intellect

1. of the objects and ways as to which each part is saddened

2. of the passion as it is the object of sadness in the higher part

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3. about the passion as it is an object of sadness in the lower part

a. first possible solution and the weighing of it

b. second possible solution and the weighing of it

c. scotus’ own conclusion

d. to the arguments for the first solution

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sixteenth distinction

question one. whether christ was under any necessity to die

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question two. whether it was in the power of christ’s soul not to die from the violence of the passion

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I. to the first question

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a. opinion of others

1. exposition of the opinion

2. rejection of the opinion

b. scotus’ own response

C. doubts and their solution

D. to the principal arguments

e. to the form of the arguments for the opinion of others

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II. to the second question

C. response to the objections

D. to the principal arguments

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seventeenth distinction

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single question. whether there were two wills in christ

I. to the question

II. to the principal arguments

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appendix (from antonius andreas). eighteenth distinction

single question. whether christ merited in the first instant of his conception

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[appendix] nineteenth distinction

single question whether christ merited grace and glory and remission of guilt and punishment for all men

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[appendix] twentieth distinction

single question. whether it was necessary for the human race to be repaired by the passion of christ

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[appendix] twenty first distinction

single question. whether christ’s body would have putrefied if his resurrection had not been hastened

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[appendix] twenty second distinction

single question. whether christ was a man during the triduum

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[appendix] twenty third distinction

single question. whether infused faith must be posited for matters revealed to us for belief

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[appendix] twenty fourth distinction

single question. whether about revealed matters of belief someone can have science and faith at the same time, speaking of science as it is taken for all the certain knowledge received from the evidence of the thing

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[appendix] twenty fifth distinction

single question. whether before christ’s coming faith about the things we now believe was necessary

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All Collections > The Ordinatio of John Duns Scotus > Ordinatio. Book 3. Distinctions 1 - 17. > book 3. distinctions 1 - 17 > eleventh distinction. > question one. whether christ is a creature > i. to the question > a. the solution of others > 1. first solution

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The Ordinatio of John Duns Scotus

Ordinatio. Book 3. Distinctions 1 - 17.

Book 3. Distinctions 1 - 17

Eleventh Distinction.

Question One. Whether Christ is a Creature

I. To the Question

A. The Solution of Others

1. First Solution

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1. First Solution

11. One statement is [Bonaventure] that the proposition ‘Christ is a creature’ is to be denied because there is no sharing of attributes where the property of one nature is repugnant to the other nature [cf. III d.7 n.54], as is the case here, because ‘creature’ includes the idea of a beginning of existence and so it is repugnant to the eternity that is an attribute of the Son of God.

12. On the contrary:

It is no more repugnant to the person of the Son that he is or begins to be after not being than that he is not after being or that he ceases to be, for both are repugnant to eternity; but Christ is admitted to have died, even though ‘to be dead’ states a not-being after being because it states not being alive after being alive; for ‘to be alive is what it is for living things to be’ (Aristotle On the Soul 2.4.425b13); therefore etc.

13. Further, mortal and immortal are as opposed as created and uncreated, and yet both of the former are said of Christ; therefore etc.

14. Further, it is as formally repugnant to a created nature that it be creator or eternal as it is formally repugnant to something eternal that it begin to be; therefore Christ’s being Creator will be as much denied because of repugnance to one nature as his being a creature will be denied because of repugnance to the other nature.

1. First Solution