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Summa Contra Gentiles
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frontmatter
contents
summa contra gentiles
book 1
titlepage
translator's preface
contents
chapter 1: in what consists the office of a wise man
chapter 2: the author's intention in this work
chapter 3: in what way it is possible to make known the divine truth
chapter 4: that the truth about divine things which is attainable by reason is fittingly proposed to man as an object of belief
chapter 5: that those things which cannot be investigated by reason are fittingly proposed to man as an object of faith
chapter 6: that it is not a mark of levity to assent to the things that are of faith, although they are above reason
chapter 7: that the truth of reason is not in opposition to the truth of the christian faith
chapter 8: in what relation human reason stands to the truth of faith
chapter 9: of the order and mode of procedure in this work
chapter 10: of the opinion of those who aver that it cannot be demonstrated that there is a god, since this is self-evident
chapter 11: refutation of the foregoing opinion and solution of the aforesaid arguments
chapter 12: of the opinion of those who say that the existence of god cannot be proved, and that it is held by faith alone
chapter 13: arguments in proof of god's existence
chapter 14: that in order to acquire knowledge of god it is necessary to proceed by the way of remotion
chapter 15: that god is eternal
chapter 16: that in god there is no passive potentiality
chapter 17: that in god there is no matter
chapter 18: that in god there is no composition
chapter 19: that in god there is nothing violent or beside nature
chapter 20: that god is not a body
chapter 21: that god is his own essence
chapter 22: that in god existence and essence are the same
chapter 23: that there is no accident in god
chapter 24: that the divine being cannot be specified by the addition of any substantial difference
chapter 25: that god is not in any genus
chapter 26: that god is not the formal being of all things
chapter 27: that god is not the form of a body
chapter 28: of the divine perfection
chapter 29: of the likeness of creatures
chapter 30: what terms can be predicated of god
chapter 31: that the divine perfection and the plurality of divine names are not inconsistent with the divine simplicity
chapter 32: that nothing is predicated univocally of god and other things
chapter 33: that not all terms applied to god and creatures are purely equivocal
chapter 34: that terms applied to god and creatures are employed analogically
chapter 35: that the several names predicated of god are not synonymous
chapter 36: how our intellect forms a proposition about god
chapter 37: that god is good
chapter 38: that god is goodness itself
chapter 39: that no evil can be in god
chapter 40: that god is the good of every good
chapter 41: that god is the sovereign good
chapter 42: that god is one
chapter 43: that god is infinite
chapter 44: that god is an intelligent being
chapter 45: that god's act of intelligence is his essence
chapter 46: that god understands by nothing else than his essence
chapter 47: that god understands himself perfectly
chapter 48: that god knows only himself first and per se
chapter 49: that god knows things other than himself
chapter 50: that god has proper knowledge of all things
chapters 51 and 52: reasons for inquiring how there is a multitude of things understood in the divine intellect
chapter 53: solution of the foregoing doubt
chapter 54: how the divine essence, though one and simple, is a proper likeness of all things intelligible
chapter 55: that god understands all things at the same instant
chapter 56: that god's knowledge is not a habit
chapter 57: that god's knowledge is not discursive
chapter 58: that god does not understand by composition and division
chapter 59: that god is not ignorant of the truth of enunciations
chapter 60: that god is truth
chapter 61: that god is the most pure truth
chapter 62: that the divine truth is the first and supreme truth
chapter 63: the arguments of those who would deny to god the knowledge of singulars
chapter 64: order of the things to be said about the divine knowledge
chapter 65: that god knows singulars
chapter 66: that god knows the things that are not
chapter 67: that god knows future contingent singulars
chapter 68: that god knows the movements of the will
chapter 69: that god knows infinite things
chapter 70: that god knows trivial things
chapter 71: that god knows evil things
chapter 72: that in god there is will
chapter 73: that god's will is his essence
chapter 74: that the principal object of god's will is the divine essence
chapter 75: that god in willing himself wills also other things
chapter 76: that god, by the one act of his will, wills himself and other things
chapter 77: that the multitude of things willed is not inconsistent with the divine simplicity
chapter 78: that the divine will extends to particular goods
chapter 79: that god wills even the things that are not yet
chapter 80: that god necessarily wills his being and his goodness
chapter 81: that god does not necessarily will other things than himself
chapter 82: objections against the statement that god wills not of necessity things other than himself, in that it involves impossibilities
chapter 83: that god wills something other than himself by a necessity of supposition
chapter 84: that god's will is not of things impossible in themselves
chapter 85: that the divine will does not remove contingency from things, nor impose absolute necessity on them
chapter 86: that a reason of the divine will can be assigned
chapter 87: that nothing can be the cause of the divine will
chapter 88: that in god there is free-will
chapter 89: that the passions of the appetite are not in god
chapter 90: that in god are delight and joy, nor are they incompatible with the divine perfection
chapter 91: that in god there is love
chapter 92: how virtues are to be ascribed to god
chapter 93: that in god there are the moral virtues which are about actions
chapter 94: that the contemplative virtues are in god
chapter 95: that god cannot will evil
chapter 96: that god hates nothing, nor can the hatred of anything be ascribed to him
chapter 97: that god is a living being
chapter 98: that god is his own life
chapter 99: that god's life is eternal
chapter 100: that god is happy
chapter 101: that god is his own happiness
chapter 102: that god's happiness is perfect and singular, surpassing all other happiness
footnotes
book 2
titlepage
contents
chapter 1: connection of the foregoing with the sequel
chapter 2: that the consideration of creatures is useful for building up our faith
chapter 3: that the knowledge of the nature of creatures avails for refuting errors against god
chapter 4: that the philosopher and the theologian treat of creatures in different ways
chapter 5: order of the things to be said
chapter 6: that it becomes god to be the source of being to other things
chapter 7: that in god there is active power
chapter 8: that god's power is his substance
chapter 9: that god's power is his action
chapter 10: in what way power is ascribed to god
chapter 11: that something is said of god in relation to creatures
chapter 12: that relations said of god in reference to creatures are not really in god
chapters 13 and 14: how the aforesaid relations are predicated of god
chapter 15: that god is to all things the cause of being
chapter 16: that god brought things into being out of nothing
chapter 17: that creation is neither movement nor change
chapter 18: how to solve the objections against creation
chapter 19: that in creation there is no succession
chapter 20: that no body can create
chapter 21: that it belongs to god alone to create
chapter 22: that god can do all things
chapter 23: that god does not act of natural necessity
chapter 24: that god works according to his wisdom
chapter 25: how the almighty is said to be unable to do certain things
chapter 26: that the divine intellect is not confined to certain determined effects
chapter 27: that the divine will is not confined to certain effects
chapters 28 and 29: how there is anything due in the production of things
chapter 30: how there can be absolute necessity in created things
chapter 31: that it is not necessary for creatures to have been always
chapter 32: arguments of those who wish to prove the eternity of the world from god's side of the question
chapter 33: arguments of those who would prove the eternity of the world from the point of view of creatures
chapter 34: arguments to prove the eternity of the world from the point of view of the making
chapter 35: solution of the foregoing arguments, and first of those that were taken from the standpoint of god
chapter 36: solution of the arguments produced on the part of the things made
chapter 37: solution of the arguments taken from the making of things
chapter 38: arguments by which some endeavour to prove that the world is not eternal
chapter 39: that the distinction of things is not from chance
chapter 40: that matter is not the first cause of the distinction of things
chapter 41: that the distinction of things is not on account of a contrariety of agents
chapter 42: that the first cause of the distinction of things is not the order of secondary agents
chapter 43: that the distinction among things does not result from some secondary agent introducing various forms into matter
chapter 44: that distinction among things did not result from the diversity of merits or demerits
chapter 45: what is in truth the first cause of the distinction of things
chapter 46: that for the perfection of the universe it was necessary that there should be some intellectual creatures
chapter 47: that intellectual substances are capable of willing
chapter 48: that intellectual substances are of free-will in acting
chapter 49: that the intellectual substance is not a body
chapter 50: that intellectual substances are immaterial
chapter 51: that the intellectual substance is not a material form
chapter 52: that in created intellectual substances there is a difference between being and what is
chapter 53: that in created intellectual substances there is act and potentiality
chapter 54: that composition of substance and being is not the same as composition of matter and form
chapter 55: that intellectual substances are incorruptible
chapter 56: in what way it is possible for an intellectual substance to be united to the body
chapter 57: the opinion of plato concerning the union of the intellectual soul with the body
chapter 58: that the nutritive, sensitive, and intellective faculties in man are not three souls
chapter 59: that man's possible intellect is not a separate substance
chapter 60: that man derives his species not from the passive, but from the possible intellect
chapter 61: that the aforesaid opinion is contrary to that of aristotle
chapter 62: against the opinion of alexander about the possible intellect
chapter 63: that the soul is not a temperament, as galen asserted
chapter 64: that the soul is not a harmony
chapter 65: that the soul is not a body
chapter 66: against those who say that intellect and sense are the same
chapter 67: against those who say that the possible intellect is the imagination
chapter 68: how an intellectual substance can be the form of the body
chapter 69: solution of the arguments by which it was proved above that an intellectual substance cannot be united to the body as its form
chapter 70: that according to the words of aristotle we must say that the intellect is united to the body as its form
chapter 71: that the soul is united to the body immediately
chapter 72: that the whole soul is in the whole body and in each part thereof
chapter 73: that there is not one possible intellect in all men
chapter 74: of the opinion of avicenna, who asserted that intelligible forms are not preserved in the possible intellect
chapter 75: solution of the arguments which would seem to prove the unity of the possible intellect
chapter 76: that the active intellect is not a separate substance but part of the soul
chapter 77: that it is not impossible for the possible and active intellect to concur in the one substance of the soul
chapter 78: that aristotle's opinion concerning the active intellect was not that it is a separate substance, but rather that it is part of the soul
chapter 79: that the human soul is not corrupted when the body is corrupted
chapters 80 and 81: arguments to prove that the soul is corrupted when the body is corrupted
chapter 82: that the souls of dumb animals are not immortal
chapter 83: that the human soul begins to exist with the body
chapter 84: solution of the foregoing arguments
chapter 85: that the soul is not made of god's substance
chapter 86: that the human soul is not transmitted with the semen
chapter 87: that the human soul is brought into being through creation by god
chapter 88: arguments for proving that the human soul is formed from the semen
chapter 89: solution of the foregoing arguments
chapter 90: that an intellectual substance is united as a form to no other than the human body
chapter 91: that there are some intellectual substances which are not united to bodies
chapter 92: of the great number of separate substances
chapter 93: that there are not several separate substances of one species
chapter 94: that the separate substance and the soul are not of one species
chapter 95: how we are to understand genus and species in separate substances
chapter 96: that separate substances do not gather their knowledge from sensibles
chapter 97: that the intellect of a separate substance always understands actually
chapter 98: how one separate substance understands another
chapter 99: that separate substances know material things
chapter 100: that separate substances know singulars
chapter 101: whether separate substances know all things at the same time by their natural knowledge
footnotes
book 3a
titlepage
contents
chapter 1: foreword
chapter 2: that every agent acts for an end
chapter 3: that every agent acts for a good
chapter 4: that evil is unintentional in things
chapters 5 and 6: arguments that would seem to prove that evil is not beside the intention
chapter 7: that evil is not an essence
chapters 8 and 9: arguments whereby seemingly it is proved that evil is a nature or a thing
chapter 10: that the cause of evil is a good
chapter 11: that the subject of evil is a good
chapter 12: that evil does not entirely destroy good
chapter 13: that evil has a cause of some kind
chapter 14: that evil is an accidental cause
chapter 15: that there is no sovereign evil
chapter 16: that the end of everything is a good
chapter 17: that all things are directed to one end, which is god
chapter 18: how god is the end of things
chapter 19: that all things tend to be like unto god
chapter 20: how things imitate the divine goodness
chapter 21: that things have a natural tendency to be like god forasmuch as he is a cause
chapter 22: how things are directed in various ways to their respective ends
chapter 23: that the movement of the heaven is from an intellective principle
chapter 24: how even things devoid of knowledge seek the good
chapter 25: that to know god is the end of every intelligent substance
chapter 26: does happiness consist in an act of the will?
chapter 27: that human happiness does not consist in carnal pleasures
chapter 28: that happiness does not consist in honours
chapter 29: that man's happiness consists not in glory
chapter 30: that man's happiness does not consist in wealth
chapter 31: that happiness consists not in worldly power
chapter 32: that happiness consists not in goods of the body
chapter 33: that human happiness is not seated in the senses
chapter 34: that man's ultimate happiness does not consist in acts of moral virtue
chapter 35: that ultimate happiness does not consist in the act of prudence
chapter 36: that happiness does not consist in the practice of art
chapter 37: that man's ultimate happiness consists in contemplating god
chapter 38: that human happiness does not consist in the knowledge of god which is possessed generally by the majority
chapter 39: that man's happiness does not consist in the knowledge of god acquired by demonstration
chapter 40: that man's happiness does not consist in the knowledge of god by faith
chapter 41: is it possible for man, in this life, to understand separate substances by the study and inquiry of speculative sciences?
chapter 42: that in this life we are unable to know separate substances in the manner proposed by alexander
chapter 43: that we cannot understand separate substances in this life, in the manner suggested by averroes
chapter 44: that man's ultimate happiness does not consist in the knowledge of separate substances as pretended by the aforesaid opinions
chapter 45: that it is impossible in this life to understand separate substances
chapter 46: that in this life the soul does not understand itself by itself
chapter 47: that in this life we are unable to see god in his essence
chapter 48: that man's ultimate happiness is not in this life
chapter 49: that separate substances do not see god in his essence through knowing him by their own essences
chapter 50: that the natural desire of the separate substances is not set at rest in the natural knowledge they have of god
chapter 51: how god may be seen in his essence
chapter 52: that no created substance can by its natural power arrive at seeing god in his essence
chapter 53: that the created intellect needs a ray of the divine light in order to see god in his essence
chapter 54: arguments that would seem to prove that god cannot be seen in his essence; and the solution thereof
chapter 55: that the created intellect does not comprehend the divine substance
chapter 56: that no created intellect, in seeing god, sees all that can be seen in him
chapter 57: that every intellect of any degree can participate in the divine vision
chapter 58: that it is possible for one to see god more perfectly than another
chapter 59: how those who see the divine substance see all things
chapter 60: that those who see god see all in him at once
chapter 61: that by seeing god a man is made a partaker of eternal life
chapter 62: that those who see god will see him for ever
chapter 63: how in that ultimate happiness man's every desire is fulfilled
chapter 64: that god governs things by his providence
chapter 65: that god preserves things in existence
chapter 66: that nothing gives existence except in so far as it acts by god's power
chapter 67: that in all things that operate god is the cause of their operating
chapter 68: that god is everywhere
chapter 69: concerning the opinion of those who withdraw from natural things their proper actions
chapter 70: how the same effect is from god and from the natural agent
chapter 71: that divine providence does not entirely exclude evil from things
chapter 72: that divine providence does not exclude contingency from things
chapter 73: that divine providence does not exclude free will
chapter 74: that divine providence does not exclude chance or luck
chapter 75: that divine providence is concerned with singular contingencies
chapter 76: that god's providence cares for all individuals immediately
chapter 77: that the execution of divine providence is carried out by secondary causes
chapter 78: that by means of intellectual creatures other creatures are ruled by god
chapter 79: that the lower intellectual substances are ruled by the higher
chapter 80: of the order between one angel and another
chapter 81: of the ordering of men among themselves and to other things
chapter 82: that the inferior bodies are ruled by god by means of the heavenly bodies
chapter 83: conclusion of the foregoing
footnotes
book 3b
titlepage
contents
chapter 84. that the heavenly bodies do not impress on our intellect
chapter 85: that the heavenly bodies are not the cause of our willing and choosing
chapter 86: that corporeal effects in this lower world do not result of necessity from the action of the heavenly bodies
chapter 87: that the movement of a heavenly body is not the cause of our choosing by virtue of its soul moving us, as some say
chapter 88: that created substances cannot be the direct causes of our acts of choosing and willing, but god alone
chapter 89: that the movement of the will, and not only the power of the will, is caused by god
chapter 90: that human choice and will are subject to divine providence
chapter 91: how human affairs may be referred to higher causes
chapter 92: how a man may be said to be fortunate, and how he is assisted by higher causes
chapter 93: is there such a thing as fate, and what is it?
chapter 94: of the certainty of divine providence
chapters 95 and 96: that the unchangeableness of divine providence does not exclude the usefulness of prayer
chapter 97: how there is a reason for divine providence
chapter 98: how it is possible, and how it is impossible, for god to do something outside the order of his providence
chapter 99: that god can work outside the order imposed on things, by producing effects without their proximate causes
chapter 100: that what god does beside the order of nature is not contrary to nature
chapter 101: of miracles
chapter 102: that god alone works miracles
chapter 103: that spiritual substances do wonders which, however, are not miracles properly speaking
chapter 104: that the works of magicians result not only from the influence of heavenly bodies
chapter 105: whence the works of magicians derive their efficacy
chapter 106: that the intellectual substance which gives efficacy to the practices of magic is not good according to virtue
chapter 107: that the intellectual substance whose assistance is employed in the magic arts is not evil in its nature
chapter 108: arguments that would seem to prove that there can be no sin in the demons
chapter 109: that sin is possible in the demons, and how
chapter 110: solution of the aforesaid arguments
chapter 111: that rational creatures are subject to divine providence in a special manner
chapter 112: that rational creatures are governed for their own sake, and other creatures, as directed to them
chapter 113: that the rational creature is directed to its action by god not only in its relation to the species, but also in its relation to the individual
chapter 114: that laws are given by god to man
chapter 115: that the divine law directs man chiefly to god
chapter 116: that the end of god's law is the love of god
chapter 117: that we are directed by the divine law to the love of our neighbour
chapter 118: that the divine law binds men to the true faith
chapter 119: that our mind is directed to god by certain sensible things
chapter 120: that the worship of latria is due to god alone
chapter 121: that the divine law directs man according to reason as regards things corporeal and sensible
chapter 122: how, according to the divine law, simple fornication is a sin: and that matrimony is natural
chapter 123: that matrimony should be indissoluble
chapter 124: that matrimony should be the union of one man with one woman
chapter 125: that marriage should not be contracted between relatives
chapter 126: that not all carnal intercourse is sinful
chapter 127: that no food is in itself sinful for one to take
chapter 128: how by the divine law man is directed to his neighbour
chapter 129: that some human acts are right by nature, and not because they are prescribed by law
chapter 130: of the counsels given in the divine law
chapter 131: concerning the error of those who condemn voluntary poverty
chapter 132: of the ways of life followed by those who embrace voluntary poverty
chapter 133: how poverty is good
chapter 134: solution of the arguments given above against poverty
chapter 135: solution of the objections urged against the various ways of life followed by those who embrace voluntary poverty
chapters 136 and 137: concerning the error of those who condemn perpetual continence
chapter 138: against those who condemn vows
chapter 139: that neither merits nor sins are equal
chapter 140: that man's actions are punished or rewarded by god
chapter 141: of the difference and order of punishments
chapter 142: that punishments and rewards are not all equal
chapter 143: of the punishment due to mortal and venial sin in relation to the last end
chapter 144: that by mortal sin man forfeits his last end for eternity
chapter 145: that sins are punished also by the sinner being subjected to some kind of pain
chapter 146: that it is lawful for judges to inflict punishments
chapter 147: that man needs the divine assistance in order to obtain beatitude
chapter 148: that the assistance of divine grace does not compel man to virtue
chapter 149: that man is unable to merit the divine assistance
chapter 150: that this same assistance is called grace; and what is meant by sanctifying grace
chapter 151: that sanctifying grace causes in us the love of god
chapter 152: that grace causes faith in us
chapter 153: that divine grace causes hope in us
chapter 154: of the gifts of gratuitous grace: wherein it is treated of the divinations of demons
chapter 155: that man needs the divine aid in order to persevere in good
chapter 156: that he who falls away from grace by sin, can recover again by means of grace
chapter 157: that man cannot be freed from sin save by grace
chapter 158: how man is freed from sin
chapter 159: that, although man cannot be converted to god without god's grace, yet it is reasonably imputed to him, if he be not converted
chapter 160: that a man who is in sin cannot avoid sin without grace
chapter 161: that god delivers some from sin, and leaves some in sin
chapter 162: that god is not the cause of any man sinning
chapter 163: of predestination, reprobation, and the divine election
footnotes
book 4
titlepage
contents
chapter 1: foreword
chapter 2: that in god there are generation, paternity, and filiation
chapter 3: that the son of god is god
chapter 4: the opinion of photinus concerning the son of god: and its refutation
chapter 5: the opinion of sabellius concerning the son of god: and its refutation
chapter 6: concerning the opinion of arius about the son of god
chapter 7: refutation of the opinion of arius
chapter 8: solution of the arguments adduced by arius in support of his view
chapter 9: explanation of the texts quoted by photinus and sabellius
chapter 10: arguments against the divine generation and procession
chapter 11: the meaning of generation in god, and of the scriptural references to the son of god
chapter 12: how the son of god is called the wisdom of god
chapter 13: that there is only one son in god
chapter 14: solution of the foregoing objections against the divine generation
chapter 15: of the holy ghost: that he is in god
chapter 16: reasons for which certain men have deemed the holy ghost to be a creature
chapter 17: that the holy ghost is true god
chapter 18: that the holy ghost is a subsistent person
chapter 19: the meaning of statements that are made about the holy ghost
chapter 20: of the effects ascribed by scripture to the holy ghost in respect of all creatures
chapter 21: of the effects ascribed to the holy ghost, as regards the gifts bestowed by god on the rational creature
chapter 22: of the effects ascribed to the holy ghost, according as he moves the creature to god
chapter 23: solution of the arguments given above, against the divinity of the holy ghost
chapter 24: that the holy ghost proceeds from the son
chapter 25: arguments of those who would prove that the holy ghost proceeds not from the son; and their solution
chapter 26: that there are no more than three persons in god, namely, the father, the son, and the holy ghost
chapter 27: of the incarnation of the word, as handed down in holy scripture
chapter 28: the error of photinus about the incarnation
chapter 29: the error of the manicheans concerning the incarnation
chapter 30: the error of valentine about the incarnation
chapter 31: the error of apollinaris concerning christ's body
chapter 32: the error of arius and apollinaris concerning christ's soul
chapter 33: the errors of apollinaris, who said that christ had not a rational soul, and of origen, who said that christ's soul was created before the world
chapter 34: the error of theodore of mopsuestia concerning the union of the word with man
chapter 35: against the error of eutyches
chapter 36: the error of macarius of antioch, who said that there was only one will in christ
chapter 37: refutation of those who maintained that christ's body and soul were not united together
chapter 38: refutation of those who hold that in the person of christ there are two hypostases or supposits
chapter 39: the teaching of the catholic church on the incarnation of christ
chapter 40: objections against faith in the incarnation
chapter 41: how we are to understand that the son of god was incarnate
chapter 42: that it was most becoming to the word of god that he should take human nature
chapter 43: that the human nature assumed by the word did not exist before it was assumed, but was assumed by the word at the moment of its conception
chapter 44: that the human nature assumed by the word was perfect in body and soul at the moment of conception
chapter 45: that it was fitting that christ should be born of a virgin
chapter 46: that christ was conceived by the holy ghost
chapter 47: that christ was not the son of the holy ghost according to the flesh
chapter 48: that we must not say that christ is a creature
chapter 49: reply to the objections given above against the incarnation
chapter 50: that original sin is transmitted by our first parent to his posterity
chapter 51: arguments against original sin
chapter 52: reply to the above arguments
chapter 53: arguments that would seem to show that it was not fitting that god should be incarnate
chapter 54: that it was fitting for god to be incarnate
chapter 55: reply to the arguments given above against the fittingness of the incarnation
chapter 56: of the necessity of the sacraments
chapter 57: of the difference between the sacraments of the old and of the new law
chapter 58: the number of the sacraments of the new law
chapter 59: baptism
chapter 60: confirmation
chapter 61: the eucharist
chapter 62: the error of unbelievers concerning the sacrament of the eucharist
chapter 63: solution of the foregoing difficulties: and first with regard to the changing of the bread into christ's body
chapter 64: solution of the difficulties as regards place
chapter 65: solution of the objections on the part of the accidents
chapter 66: solution of the objections on the part of action and passion
chapter 67: solution of the objections in regard to breaking of the host
chapter 68: explanation of the passage quoted above
chapter 69: what kind of bread and wine should be used in this sacrament
chapter 70: the sacrament of penance: and first, that it is possible for a man to sin after receiving sacramental grace
chapter 71: that a man who has sinned after receiving the grace of the sacrament can return to grace
chapter 72: the necessity of penance and of its parts
chapter 73: the sacrament of extreme unction
chapter 74: the sacrament of order
chapter 75: the different kinds of order
chapter 76: of the episcopal dignity: and that one bishop is over all
chapter 77: that the sacraments can be dispensed by wicked ministers
chapter 78: the sacrament of matrimony
chapter 79: that our bodies will rise again through christ
chapter 80: objections against the resurrection
chapter 81: solution of the foregoing objections
chapter 82: that man will rise again immortal
chapter 83: that after the resurrection there will be no use of food or venery
chapter 84: that the bodies of those who rise again will have the same nature as before
chapter 85: that the bodies of those who rise again will have a different disposition from that which they had before
chapter 86: the quality of glorified bodies
chapter 87: the place of the glorified bodies
chapter 88: the sex and age of those who will rise again
chapter 89: the quality of the bodies in the resurrection as regards the damned
chapter 90: how incorporeal substances can suffer from a material fire
chapter 91: that the soul will receive its punishment or reward, as soon as it departs from the body
chapter 92: that immediately after death the souls of the just have their will fixed unchangeably on the good
chapter 93: that the souls of the wicked after death have their will fixed unchangeably on evil
chapter 94: the unchangeableness of will of the souls in purgatory
chapter 95: the common cause of this unchangeableness in all souls after their departure from the body
chapter 96: the last judgement
chapter 97: the state of the world after the judgement
endmatter
footnotes
Summa Theologiae
The Disputed Questions on Truth. Volumes 1-3
On the Power of God
On Evil
On Spiritual Creatures
Questions on the Soul
On the Virtues in General
On Charity
Quodlibetal Questions I and II
Treatise on Separate Substances
An Apology for the Religious Orders
The Religious State, the Episcopate and the Priestly Office
On the Uniqueness of the Intellect against the Averroists
On the Unity of the Intellect against the Averroists
Aquinas on Being and Essence
An Introduction to the Philosophy of Nature
"The Letter of Thomas Aquinas De occultis operibus naturae ad quendam militem ultramonatanum"
On the Eternity of the World
The Opusculum on Lots of St. Thomas
On Kingship
Compendium of Theology
Catechetical Instructions of St. Thomas
"On Buying and Selling on Credit"
Aquinas' Exposition of Aristotle's Treatise on the Heavens
Aquinas' Exposition of Aristotle's Treatise on Generation and Corruption
Commentary on Aristotle's Physics
Commentary on the Nicomachean Ethics
Commentary on Aristotle's "Politics"
Commentary on the Posterior Analytics of Aristotle
On Meteorology
Aristotle on Interpretation: Commentary by St. Thomas and Cajetan
Aristotle's De Anima with the Commentary of St. Thomas Aquinas
The Ordinatio of John Duns Scotus :: Ordinatio. Book 4. Distinctions 8 - 13. ::
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Ordinatio. Prologue.
Ordinatio. Book 1. Distinctions 1 and 2.
Ordinatio. Book 1. Distinction 3.
Ordinatio. Book 1. Distinctions 4 to 10.
Ordinatio. Book 1. Distinctions 11 to 25.
Ordinatio. Book 1. Distinctions 26 to 48.
Ordinatio. Book 2. Distinctions 1 - 3.
Ordinatio. Book 2. Distinctions 4 to 44.
Ordinatio. Book 3. Distinctions 1 - 17.
Ordinatio. Book 3. Distinctions 26 - 40.
Ordinatio. Book 4. Distinctions 1 - 7
Ordinatio. Book 4. Distinctions 8 - 13.
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frontmatter
book four. distinctions 8 - 13
eighth distinction
ninth distinction
tenth distinction
tenth distinction. first part: on the possibility of christ’s body existing in the eucharist
tenth distinction. second part: on the things that can belong to christ’s body in the eucharist
tenth distinction. third part: on the action that can belong to christ existing in the eucharist
eleventh distinction
eleventh distinction. first part: about conversion or transubstantiation
eleventh distinction. second part: about the matter suitable for transubstantiation or conversion
twelfth distinction
twelfth distinction. first part: about the being of the accidents in the eucharist
twelfth distinction. second part: about the action of the accidents in the eucharist
twelfth distinction. third part: about change in the accidents
thirteenth distinction. on the efficient cause of the consecration of the eucharist
division of the questions
question one. whether the body of christ is confected only by divine act
question two. whether any priest who pronounces the words of consecration with due intention and over fitting matter can confect the eucharist
endmatter
Ordinatio. Book 4. Distinctions 14 - 42.
Ordinatio. Book 4. Distinctions 43 - 49.
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Ordinatio. Book 4. Distinctions 8 - 13.
The Ordinatio of John Duns Scotus
Ordinatio. Book 4. Distinctions 8 - 13.
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